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The return of Peron, the Dirty Wars and their outcomes

The return of Peron, the Dirty Wars and their outcomes. The return of Perón and the Dirty War. Left wing origins Kidnapping of Pedro Aramburu , May 29, 1970 Accomplished by Emilio Angel Maza and Fernando Luis Abal Medina Leaders of the Montoneros – a tiny group, mostly of leaders

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The return of Peron, the Dirty Wars and their outcomes

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  1. The return of Peron, the Dirty Wars and their outcomes

  2. The return of Perón and the Dirty War • Left wing origins • Kidnapping of Pedro Aramburu, May 29, 1970 • Accomplished by Emilio Angel Maza and Fernando Luis Abal Medina • Leaders of the Montoneros – a tiny group, mostly of leaders • Killed Aramburu and proclaimed that it was the beginning of seizure of power for Perón and Peronism and reprisal for kidnapping corpse of Eva Perón in 1956 • Caused massive police and military response • 72,000 police and military men went looking for Aramburu • Followed by seizure of town, La Calera, in Córdoba • Received more public support than Marxist ERP

  3. The return of Perón and the Dirty War • Left wing origins • Kidnapping of Pedro Aramburu, May 29, 1970 • Never criticized by Perón, strongly supported by the Peronist Youth (Juventud Peronista) • Linked to student, particularly university, activists who joined Montoneros • Followed by equally daring activities on part of Marxist groups

  4. The return of Perón and the Dirty War • Return of Perón • Preceded by presidential election of Hector Cámpora who was sympathetic to leftist groups and let militants out of jail • Perón became president, Oct. 12, 1973 • Gave hints that he did not support the Left, but they were ignored until Jan. 1974 • Told leftists to support a repressive reform of the Penal Code • Finally, on May 1, 1974 during May Day speech, he called the vocal Montoneros a bunch of stupid idiots • Without Montonero support, Perón’s plans for a social pact disappeared

  5. Perón lying in state

  6. The return of Perón and the Dirty War • Rise of the Extreme Right • José López Rega and the AAA • Founded the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance within the Social Welfare Ministry in 1973 and they participated in Ezeiza massacre of June 20, 1973 • Linked to Federal Police • Began killing politicians, labor leaders, and guerillas

  7. The return of Perón and the Dirty War • Rise of the Extreme Right • Military joined with AAA after Isabel Martínez de Perón invited them to wipe out the guerillas; then took power for themselves on March 24, 1976 • Inflation and political violence uncontrolled • Economy in shambles • Montonero response • Try to blow up Federal Police chief by putting explosives under a bed and bombing the dining room of the Federal Police Security Branch • Military response: massive hunts for subversives; use of torture to extract names of collaborators • By 1978, Montoneros mostly defeated, but Dirty War continued

  8. The return of Perón and the Dirty War • Rise of the Extreme Right • Role of the Catholic Church • Interrogated prisoners, gave comfort to torturers • Turned in names of left wing religious, religious youth • Tolerated anti-Semitic aspects of Dirty War (JacoboTimerman) • The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo • Began to organize in 1977 to protest disappearances of children • Early leaders infiltrated by Church informers and some disappeared • Gained international support and recognition for their protests • Became the voice of conscience for Argentina during the military regime

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