DRAFT WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY AND SECURITY

1. DRAFT WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY AND SECURITY PRESENTATION TO THE PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE ON POLICE 18 AUGUST 2015

2. INTRODUCTORYREMARKS • Draft White Paper on Safety and Security results from review of 1998 White Paper on Safety & Security • Review process identified a need for two distinct policy interventions: a White Paper on the Police focused on the policing environment & a White Paper on Safety and Security focusing on an integrated and developmental approach to safety in recognition that safety extends far beyond the purview of the police • White Papers were submitted to Cabinet for approval to advertise for public comments

3. PUBLIC SUBMISSIONS • Total 21 submissions received from: • Local government: SALGA; SA Cities Network; CCT; NMMM Bay Amatole District) • National government department – Department of Environmental Affairs & COGTA • Provincial government department: WC DOCS • University: Unisa • Research institutes based at Universities: SAVI; CSPRI • State research institutions: CSIR, MRC • NGOs: IlifaLabatnwana, ISS, LRC;Mbumba. Triangle Project, Sweat, Sonke • CPF: Hermanus • Individual

4. PUBLIC SUBMISSIONS • Areas of Paper supported/welcomed by majority of submissions: • Uniform approach to safety and security • Emphasis on coordination and collaboration of different spheres of government • Holistic/developmental/ socio ecological model and life course approach to crime and violence prevention • Recognition of ‘All of government’ responsibility • Public participation/ community involvement • Safety through environmental design • National Centre on Crime and Violence Prevention – extend to provinces • Emphasis on evidence based approaches and data collection

5. PUBLIC SUBMISSIONS • Issues to address: • More analysis on conceptual framework, approaches, risk and protective factors, masculine norms perpetuating gender inequality and acceptance of violence, vulnerable groups including LGBTI, foreign nationals, sex workers & early childhood intervention (0-6 years), socio economic factors • Role of information and data collection • More discussion and clarity on community structures and clarity on role of CPFs and CSFs • Need for legislation to make community plans mandatory • Clarification on roles and responsibilities of different government departments and spheres of government & implementation mechanisms for White Paper • Provision of resourcing and funding of local government • More detail on role of environmental design • Alignment of other policies and legislation • Strengthening oversight and monitoring of implementation

6. CONTENT • The White Paper on Safety and Security speaks to the following areas: • Vision • Aim and purpose • Rationale for a new safety and security White Paper • Understanding safety, crime and violence prevention • Policy architecture impacting on the White Paper • An integrated approach to Safety and Security • Institutional and implementation mechanisms required for implementation

7. VISION • A society where all people: • Live in safe environments • Play a role in creating and maintaining the safe environment • Feel safe from crime and violence and conditions that contribute to it and • Have equal access and recourse to high quality of services when affected by crime and violence

8. OBJECTIVES • Objectives of the White Paper on Safety and Security are: • To provide an overarching policy for an integrated approach to safety and security. • To facilitate the creation of a sustainable, well-resourced implementation and oversight mechanism, to co-ordinate, monitor, evaluate and report on implementation of crime prevention priorities across all sectors.

9. RATIONALE • Since 1994 government policy in relation to safety articulated in two key documents: • 1996 National Crime Prevention Strategy • 1998 White Paper on Safety and Security • Additional initiatives to address challenges within the criminal justice cluster. • Require an approach that is integrated and long term, is developmental and preventative and will increase safety of people • Extends beyond law enforcement

10. UNDERSTANDING SAFETY, CRIME & VIOLENCE PREVENTION • “Safety should be measured by the extent to which the most vulnerable in society feel and are safe from crime [and violence] and the conditions that breed it” (NDP) • Aligned to NDP • Aligned to National Security Strategy which takes into account safety and security of the person and the State • Compliments White Paper on the Police • Alignment to other departmental policies

11. UNDERSTANDING SAFETY, CRIME & VIOLENCE PREVENTION: DEFINITIONS • Safety: the state of an area based on the real and perceived risk of victimisation • Security: maintenance and promotion of peace, stability, development and prosperity using state power involving the protection of our people and their being free from fear and want; and the preservation of the authority and territorial integrity of the state • Violence:intentional use of physical force/ power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development, or deprivation • Crime and violence prevention: strategies and measures that seek to reduce the risk of crimes occurring and their potential harmful effects on individuals and societies, including fear of crime, by intervening to influence their multiple causes

12. UNDERSTANDING SAFETY, CRIME & VIOLENCE PREVENTION: UNDERSTANDING CRIME & VIOLENCE Nature of Crime and Violence • Structural violence • Relationship between poverty, inequality and crime • Demographic profile of South Africa • Analysis of crime and violence trends (Annexure B) - Crime Statistics - Risk Factors and Trends

13. UNDERSTANDING SAFETY, CRIME & VIOLENCE PREVENTION: RISK & RESILIENCE Interventions have to be multi-sectoral and address the multiple influences that impact on violence as tabulated below include:

14. UNDERSTANDING SAFETY, CRIME & VIOLENCE PREVENTION: POVERTY, INEQUALITY, CRIME • “safety and security are “directly related to socioeconomic development and equality”, and requires an environment “conducive to employment creation, improved educational and health outcomes, and strengthened social cohesion” (NDP) • Relationship between crime & violence, poverty & inequality is complex • Those living in poverty most vulnerable to falling victim to crime, most at risk of engaging in crime, and usually least able to access the criminal justice system or victim support services. • Societies reflecting high levels of inequality are also most likely to be characterised by high levels of violence • A developmental approach to safety must ensure that both macro and structural factors are addressed at the same time as addressing individual and community level risk factors for crime

15. UNDERSTANDING SAFETY & VIOLENCE PREVENTION: PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY PREVENTION • It is only through a combination of interventions in all three prevention areas – primary, secondary and tertiary – that safe communities can be achieved • Primary prevention: the general public or environment • Secondary prevention: those regarded as being “at risk” of offending or criminal victimisation • Tertiary prevention: those who have already succumbed to either criminality or victimisation

16. UNDERSTANDING SAFETY, CRIME & VIOLENCE PREVENTION: VULNERABLE GROUPS • Not a closed list • Vulnerability determined by context: social, economic and political factors and intersectionality of conditions • Women, children, youth, the elderly & LGBTI, persons living with disabilities, older persons, sex workers, foreign nationals and young men are particularly vulnerable to violence • The way that vulnerable “experience” safety must be understood within the context of the spaces they occupy: social, physical and economic • The approach to combatting violence and crime must address the specific nuances that speak to the needs of those within the designated categories of vulnerability

17. POLICY ARCHITECTURE • The White Paper locates various policy intents in an overarching, comprehensive framework for safety, security, crime & violence prevention • Relevant to the White Paper are the: • Constitution • National Development Plan • National Security Strategy • Integrated Social Crime Prevention Strat & White Paper on Families • Integrated Criminal Justice System Review • Community Safety Forum Policy • 1996 National Crime Prevention Strategy • 1998 White Paper on Safety and Security • Victim Charter

18. POLICY CONTEXT: NDP • The National Development Plan recognises that: • Law enforcement approaches alone cannot address South Africa’s crime problems • Necessary to move from a narrow law-enforcement approach to crime and safety, to identifying and resolving the root causes of crime • To achieve this South Africa will have to mobilise state and non-state capacities at all levels, which requires an integrated approach, with active citizen involvement and co-responsibility • The NDP establishes “Building Safer Communities” as a key objective

19. POLICY CONTEXT: CSFs • The CSF Policy provides a framework for integrated, localised safety planning and co-ordination at the sphere of local government that is aligned to national and provincial priorities • CSFs based on the premise that increased co-operation and interaction would improve the functioning of the CJS and delivery • CSFs are designed to serve as a platform for integration and monitoring the implementation of multi-sectoral crime prevention & community safety initiatives within national and provincial priorities • CSFs, with community representation in the form of the CPFs, will facilitate regular safety audits with civil society, develop safety strategies and plans aligned with national, provincial and local priorities & monitor/ evaluate implementation of safety programmes

20. 2015 WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY & SECURITY • The 2015 White Paper on Safety and Security provides the policy protocol for a comprehensive, aligned single CJS coordinating and management structure and an integrated approach to safety and security • This entails the following: • Approach • Themes • Roles of national, provincial and local government • Location and ownership of the White Paper • Institutional arrangements • Implementation mechanisms and • Monitoring and evaluation

21. 2015 WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY AND SECURITY: APPROACH • Approach advocated by the White Paper recognises the importance of inter-sectoral and inter-governmental consultation, cooperation and collaboration; effective and integrated service delivery; and community engagement and accountability, at a local, provincial and national sphere, to achieve safe communities • The roles of the health, social development, education & the criminal justice systems as well as cooperative governance are important in addressing risk factors contributing to violence and unsafety • The collection of reliable data to inform evidence-based and intelligence-driven approaches is an essential component of a crime and violence prevention

22. 2015 WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY AND SECURITY: THEMES • The White Paper rests on six key themes and underpinning each theme are general principles of equality in access, protection, service, and commitment to high quality of service • Effective Criminal Justice System • Early intervention to prevent crime and violence and promote safety • Victim support • Effective and integrated service delivery for safety, security and violence and crime prevention • Safety through environmental design • Active public and community participation

23. 2015 WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY AND SECURITY: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES • Role of National Departments: • Ensure the allocation of sufficient budgets towards safety, security and crime and violence prevention measures • Account to Parliament on the spending of budgets and outputs on safety, security and crime and violence prevention • Provide clear and sufficient guidance on planning and budgetary processes • Support by providing guidance, technical support and capacity building on safety and security, crime and violence prevention strategies and implementation

24. 2015 WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY AND SECURITY: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES • Role of Province: • Develop and implement provincial strategies and plans in alignment with the national strategy • Initiate and coordinate safety programmes • Mobilise resources for safety, crime and violence prevention programmes • Coordinate the range of provincial competencies including health, education, social development, and local government in implementation of safety programmes • Monitor, evaluate and support safety and security, crime and violence prevention programmes at local government level • Implement and take joint responsibility for safety programmes with local government • Establish public and private partnerships to support safety and security, crime and violence prevention agendas • Provide resources, support and capacity development to local government

25. 2015 WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY AND SECURITY: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES • Role of Local Government • Establish Community Safety Forums • Develop and implement local strategies and plans in alignment with White Paper, national and provincial strategies on safety and violence prevention • Allocate roles, programmes and budgets for safety and violence prevention plans, at local and district municipality levels • Integrate safety and security and violence prevention priorities into IDPs • Contribute to setting joint safety and security priorities and identifying possible areas for local government intervention • Align internal resources and objectives with safety and security, crime and violence prevention • Coordinate safety and violence prevention initiatives within a municipal area • Ensure the effective enforcement of by-laws contributing to safety and violence prevention • Assist victims of crime through the provision of information around services that are available or where capacity exists, provide victim support services • Initiate targeted crime prevention programmes aimed at specific problems and groups at risk

26. 2015 WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY AND SECURITY: LOCATION • Due to the multiplicity of departments & spheres of government responsible for safety, overall responsibility and authority for 2015 White Paper will be the Presidency • Consulted with DPME • Briefed JCPS Cabinet & full Cabinet

27. 2015 WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY AND SECURITY: TECHNICAL SUPPORT • The implementation of the White Paper supported through provision of technical support provided by a National Safety and Crime and Violence Prevention Centre • National Centre will provide technical expertise, seed funding, research into best practice and evaluation of agreed plans of action that promote community safety • The National Centre will interact with the Civilian Secretariat for Police at national and provincial spheres as well as community safety forums within the sphere of local government

28. 2015 WHITE PAPER ON SAFETY AND SECURITY: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS • Institutional arrangements are informed by: • The Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act 2005 • Competencies and legal mandates of relevant government departments and spheres of government • The need for a implementation mechanism which is representative of all relevant implementing departments at different spheres of government

29. CONSULTATION PROCESS • JCPS Development Committee • JCPS Directors General cluster • Presidency • National Treasury • JCPS Cabinet Committee for approval to advertise • Full Cabinet for approval to advertise • Sunday Times, Sowetan, The New Age, City Press & Mail & Guardian • 30 days for written submissions extended to 16 April • National stakeholder workshops • SALGA • Steering Committee Meeting • COGTA MINMEC (Political and Technical) • Provincial Secretariats