Navy Strategy for the 21 st Century

1. Navy Strategy for the 21st Century RDML Ben Wachendorf Director, Strategy and Policy (N51)

2. Today’s Navy • Where we are, where we have been • Current concepts The Linkage • Tie between current force/future force 2015 - 2025 • Navy Transformation • Future Operational concepts Outline

4. Med Squadron –1803 Med CV/BLT –1946 Mediterranean • E. India Squadron –1819 • WestPac CV/BLT –1949 Western Pacific Persian Gulf –1879 Persian Gulf CV/BLT –1948 Persian Gulf 1800s 1900s 21st Century SustainingInterests • Containment • Deterrence • Reassurance of Allies AdvancingInterests • Security • Prosperity • Democracy Protecting Interests • Citizens • Commerce The Historical Context

5. The Maritime Concept The Naval Operational Concept …From the Sea Forward...From the Sea Naval forces will continue to influence, directly and decisively, events ashore from the sea -- anytime, anywhere. Littoral Operations Influencing Events Ashore Operating Forward NAVY/MARINE CORPS: The Power of Teamwork Evolution of Naval Strategy

6. Target audience: • Primary: Internal DON • Secondary: OSD, Joint Force Commanders, Congress • Intent • Articulate how Naval Forces enhance joint forces by projecting multi-dimensional power from the sea. • Outline future naval concepts, related capabilities, and transformational efforts • Centerpiece: • Synergistic effect gained by combining Service capstone concepts of Network-Centric Warfare and Expeditionary Warfare • Forward-Deployed; • Fully Networked, Sustainable, Persistent Forces; • Operating From the Seabase and • Employing Operational/Tactical Surprise Naval Operational Concept

7. Navy Strategic Planning Guidance With Long Range Planning Objectives April 2000 Analyzes the Strategic Environment Links Maritime Concept to PPBS Provides Prioritized LRPOs N81 + N51 Programming Coordination Framework for IWAR Roadmaps Foundation for IWAR Assessments Navy Strategic Planning Guidance

8. Maritime Power Projection Knowledge Superiority Forward Presence Battlespace Attack Battlespace Attack Battlespace Sustainment Battlespace Control • Navy strategic concepts in support of NSS and NMS: • Forward Presence • Knowledge Superiority • Navy operational concepts: • Battlespace Control • Battlespace Attack • Battlespace Sustainment • IWAR IPT programming roadmaps guided by strategy. Navy Strategic Planning Guidance

9. NEW WORLD ORDER • U.S. economic and security interests inextricably linked. • Worldwide proliferation of technology, information, and WMD • Heightens consequences of regional instability The Strategic Imperative

10. REGIONAL INSTABILITY Emphasis on homeland defense Early identification of terrorist threats Projection of naval power forward to deter terrorist acts USS Cole, Oct 2000 The Strategic Imperative

11. Globalization Vs Asymmetric Threats

12. Command of the Seas Sovereign Combat Power Forward Sustained Assured Access Power Projection Sea-Based Deterrence Knowledge Superiority Sustained Logistics Navy Core Competencies

13. RETURN ON OUR NATION’S INVESTMENT • COMMAND OF THE SEAS • The “Global Commons” • U.S. SOVEREIGN POWER FORWARD • Timely Crisis Response • Power to Shape • ASSURED ACCESS • ENABLE THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE JOINT FORCE TO FIGHT AND WIN

14. RETURN ON OUR NATION’S INVESTMENT • COMMAND OF THE SEAS • The “Global Commons” • U.S. SOVEREIGN POWER FORWARD • Timely Crisis Response • Power to Shape • ASSURED ACCESS • ENABLE THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE JOINT FORCE TO FIGHT AND WIN

15. U.S. EXPORTS • SUPPORT 11.5 MILLION U.S. JOBS AND ONE-THIRD OF ECONOMIC GROWTH SINCE 1993

16. Superports Trade Routes Communication Cables “The ship is the inventory… The New Yorker COMMANDOF THE SEAS 99% of Intercontinental Trade Volume 80% of Intercontinental Trade Value

18. 300 Million Tons Annually One-Fifth of Daily Maritime Trade One-Half of U.S. ADP Equipment One-Third of Global Trans-Shipment Activity Containers Used 8.5 Times/Year Singapore “The Ship is the Inventory” -The New Yorker, December 2000

19. 2000 (extrapolation) 5 Million Unemployed $7 Trillion in Stock Market $500 Billion in GDP (Annualized) 1973 - 1974 14% of World’s Oil Supply 4% Increase in Unemployment 48% Devaluation of Stock Market (S&P 500) 6% Decline in GDP

20. RETURN ON OUR NATION’S INVESTMENT • COMMAND OF THE SEAS • The “Global Commons” • U.S. SOVEREIGN POWER FORWARD • Timely Crisis Response • Power to Shape • ASSURED ACCESS • ENABLE THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE JOINT FORCE TO FIGHT AND WIN

21. Kitty Hawk (CVBG) Essex (ARG) MEF 4 Ships Abraham Lincoln (CVBG) Tarawa (ARG) 1990’s: 144 Responses, including: 96 hrs 11 Combat Operations 19 Evacuation Operations 32 Humanitarian Operations 4 MIOs/ >5000 Boardings 48 hrs 20 Shows of Force 24 hrs Nassau (ARG) Harry S Truman (CVBG) U.S. SOVEREIGN POWER FORWARD 101 Ships (32%)/55,016 Personnel Deployed All CVs deployed since Dec ’98 have conducted combat operations

22. 85 Targets Over Four Nights • Immediately Employable Sovereign Power • Tactical Surprise Operation Desert Fox – Dec 1998

23. Homeland Defense • Deny Sanctuary First time in history that a Navy struck a land-locked country – and on two continents at once Operation Infinite Reach -- Aug 1998 • Immediately Employable Sovereign Power • Tactical Surprise 1700 nm

24. USS George Washington and USS John Stennis took station off east and west coasts with more than a dozen cruisers and destroyers, guarding the air and sea approaches to our coast. USNS Comfort and USNS Denebola arrived in New York City to support firefighters and recovery workers. OPERATION NOBLE EAGLE

25. Within 96 hrs the following forces were on station: • 2 Carrier Battlegroups • 1 Amphibious Ready Group • 100 Strike Aircraft • 300 TLAM • 29,000 Sailors and Marines OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM USS Kitty Hawk Making Preparations to Deploy as an Afloat Forward Support Base for Special Operations Forces

26. Agility and Adaptability of Naval Forces OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM 10000 Combat Sorties Flown Time Sensitive Strike Deep Long Range Strike Integrated Ops – 3+ Carrier Air Wings Deepest Insertion Of Marine Forces ~ 90% of Naval ordnance was precision guided

27. RETURN ON OUR NATION’S INVESTMENT • COMMAND OF THE SEAS • The “Global Commons” • U.S. SOVEREIGN POWER FORWARD • Timely Crisis Response • Power to Shape • ASSURED ACCESS • ENABLE THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE JOINT FORCE TO FIGHT AND WIN

28. ANTI-ACCESS CHALLENGES • COASTAL COMBATANTS • ANTI-SHIP CRUISE MISSILES • COMBAT AIRCRAFT • SURFACE-TO-AIR MISSILES • BALLISTIC MISSILES • CONVENTIONAL SUBMARINES • MINES • INFORMATION OPERATIONS OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ANTI-ACCESS CHALLENGES

29. RETURN ON OUR NATION’S INVESTMENT • COMMAND OF THE SEAS • The “Global Commons” • U.S. SOVEREIGN POWER FORWARD • Timely Crisis Response • Power to Shape • ASSURED ACCESS • ENABLE THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE JOINT FORCE TO FIGHT AND WIN

30. USMC: In-stride with Marine Corps Expeditionary Warfare EMW / OMFTS • USA: Brigade in 96 hours Division in 120 hours 5 Divisions in 30 days • USAF: 1 Aerospace Expeditionary Forces in 48 hours 5 Aerospace Expeditionary Forces in 15 days Project Defense, “Artillery From the Sea” for Army and Aerospace Expeditionary Forces ENABLING JOINT/COALITION FOLLOW-ON FORCES

31. 600 500 400 Shipcount: 458 No. of Ships TOTAL SHIPS 300 Shipcount: 316 Ships Deployed (AVG: 108 – 24% of Battle Forces) 200 Ships Deployed (AVG: 100 – 32% of Battle Forces) 100 SHIPS DEPLOYED 0 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 Fiscal Year DECREASING FORCES CONTINUING COMMITMENTS…

32. Task Force formed New doctrine / tactics Defense-in-Depth measures New AT/FP technologies AT/FP mindset in ALL planning AT/FP Sea Change

33. Current FP--Model The Template for Longer-Term FP Architecture Pierside CINC CINC Defense-in-Depth Initiative) Assess • Detect, localize, track, classify, inspect, & identify Warning • Hail, warn away, or intercept Threat • Establish minimum stand-off distance • Increase levels of force consistent with ROE EMBASSY • 1 week Focused INTEL • CVBG • CINC / Flt HQ • Navy ATAC • Embassy HUMINT Entering Territorial Waters Response Force Continuous Armed Presence EMBASSY AT/FP Plan • INTEL • ORM • OPSEC & Harbor/ Installation defense • ROE • Training (Crew proficiency) Continuous NCIS presence Territorial Waters Harbor Defense Continuous Armed Presence RHIB SSDF manned THREAT WARNING ASSESS In-person NCIS T/A USN/HNS Armed Patrol Perimeter defense Improve SA • AT/FP Websites • Pulling info Harbor Surveillance Access Control ORM • CINC-Embassy Threat Assessment ICW NCIS • Screening Husbanding Agents • Services approved/assessed • Improved OPSEC Robust Physical Security

34. 60% of the Ships at Sea or Under Construction Today Will Be in the Fleet in 2020 Our Connection to 2020

35. Purpose of the DoN Transformational Roadmap Provides an authoritative description of Navy and Marine Corps ongoing efforts and plans to transform their military capabilities in order to meet emerging 21st century threats Assists in assuring these transformation activities are appropriately supported in the DoN’s POM Navy Transformational Roadmap

36. Navy Transformation • Continuing to meet National Security obligations • Urgent fiscal and force structure issues Recapitalization / Modernization • ~ 60% existing ships still in service in 2020 • Transformation is fundamentally about improving the combat capabilities of existing/ programmed platforms and employing innovative operational concepts to meet future challenges.

37. Navy Transformation Deriving power from robust, rapid networking of well-informed, geographically dispersed forces • Warfare Not Just Hardware • Networked Warfighters Not Just Nets • Real-Time Shared Knowledge • Dispersed Forces • Concentrated, High Volume Effects • Integrates Surveillance, Strike and Maneuver Procurement Priorities: Networks > Sensors > Weapons > Platforms

38. Network Centric Operations DOMINATE TEMPO AND FORECLOSE ENEMY OPTIONS Agile, anticipatory operations using high rates of change to overwhelm the enemy and lock out his options Provides us with a competitive advantage over our adversaries.

39. “Whole” Knowledge Know-What Next Know-Why Know-How Know-When Battlespace Awareness Know-Where Know-Who Know-What Extending the traditional degrees of who, what, when, and where, to a higher understanding of how the opponent operates, why he does things in a particular way, and what he might do next. Knowledge Superiority

40. Year 2015 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles • Multi-Function Radar Volume Search Radar LASERs Technological Advances Miniaturization

41. Cooperative Engagement Capability • Area Air Defense Commander • Theater Ballistic Missile Defense • Ship Self-Defense System Naval Fires Control System Year 2015 Technological Advances CEC and Navy Theater-Wide

42. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Surveillance and Attack) Deep Precision Strike Artillery from the Sea Year 2015 Technological Advances Increased Lethality

43. Joint Direct Attack Munition Carrier Airwing Daily Aimpoints • Desert Storm: 162 • Desert Fox: 360 • 2008: 1080 Sense Remote Connect Engage Decide Lethality Knowledge Increased Lethality

44. 600 A Navy of today’s size and tomorrow’s capabilities costs $90 billion/year Congressional Budget Office 500 Battle Force 400 300 200 ‘92 ‘94 ‘96 ‘98 ‘00 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 ‘10 ‘12 ‘14 ‘16 ‘18 ‘20 Fiscal Year - We are supporting a $90 billion/year Navy on $74 billion/year Numbers Matter Capability and Capacity

45. “The…vast network that connects information and weapons in new ways…will revolutionize the Navy’s ability to project American power over land and sea, assuring access for all our forces, wherever our vital interests are threatened.” George W. Bush, 4 March 2001 Summary