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Human Factors in Engineering Design Fall 2003

Human Factors in Engineering Design Fall 2003. Dr. Jennie Gallimore. Human Factors: What else is it called?. Ergonomics in Europe Human Engineering in Military Engineering Psychology by Psychologist. Human Factors Defined.

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Human Factors in Engineering Design Fall 2003

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  1. Human Factors in Engineering DesignFall 2003 Dr. Jennie Gallimore Department of Biomedical, Industrial Engineering & Human Factors Engineering

  2. Human Factors: What else is it called? • Ergonomics in Europe • Human Engineering in Military • Engineering Psychology by Psychologist Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  3. Human Factors Defined • Human Factors discovers and applies information about human behavior, abilities, limitations, and other characteristics to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for productive, safe, comfortable, and effective human use (Sanders and McCormick, 1993) • Human Factors IS NOT … • Just using checklists and guidelines • Just using oneself as the model for designing things • Just common sense Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  4. Cost of Ignoring Human Factors is Poor Quality! • Increased probability of accidents and errors • Less spare capacity to deal with emergencies • Increased labor turnover • Lower productive output • Increases in lost time • Higher medical costs • Higher material costs • Increased absenteeism • Low quality work • Injuries, strains Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  5. What do HFEs Do? • HFE uses a systems analysis approach. • Humans are a critical system component. • HFEs analyze systems focusing on human operators to determine what they are required to do to achieve system goals. • HFEs determine how the system can be designed or modified to meet goals. • Humans have certain capabilities and limitations, and the system must be designed with an understanding of the human component subsystem requirements. Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  6. Perform Scientific Research Perform Systems Analysis System Design Modifications, Performance support, Aids Integrate Solutions What Do HFEs Do? Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  7. Perform Scientific Research System Analysis Perform Systems Analysis System Design Modifications, Performance support, Aids Integrate Solutions Function analysis Task Analysis (cognitive, physical) Accident/incident analysis Workload analysis Communication patterns/information flow Work place layout Environmental Analysis Task-Interface analysis Reliability assessment (Human error analysis) Etc.. What Do HFEs Do? Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  8. Perform Scientific Research Systems Analysis Tools/Techniques Perform Systems Analysis System Design Modifications, Performance support, Aids Critical Incident Techniques Decision action trees Decision ladders Operator action event trees Time line analysis Time and motion study Etc.. Integrate Solutions Activity sampling Hierarchical task analysis Link analysis Simulation studies Verbal protocols Interviews Questionnaires What Do HFEs Do? System Analysis Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  9. Perform Scientific Research System Design Modifications, Performance support Perform Systems Analysis Integrate Solutions System Modifications Redesign of workflow (task sequence, responsibility) Environmental improvements (noise, lighting, alarms) Redesign of information flow Development of support technology Changes to system interfaces Suggest changes to organizational policies Develop training programs Incorporation of safety systems What Do HFEs Do? Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  10. Perform Scientific Research Perform Systems Analysis System Design Modifications, Performance support, Aids Integrate Solutions What Do HFEs Do? Integration of Solutions Organizational changes and support Training New Technology Cost-benefit analysis Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  11. Perform Scientific Research Perform Systems Analysis System Design Modifications, Performance support, Aids Integrate Solutions What Do HFEs Do? Human Factors Research R&D of system and task analysis techniques Human decision making Cognitive modeling Mental workload Visual performance Shift work Simulation and modeling Display of information Effects of aging on performance Adaptive displays Communication Test and Evaluation Usability Testing Human computer interaction Safety Training Biomechanics • Physical workload • Manual material handling • Human Error • Virtual Environments • Complex system modeling • Human control and tracking • Auditory perception • Multi-modal interfaces • Individual differences Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  12. History of Human Factors • Early History • Frank and Lillian Gilbretth • Early 1900’s • Motion study • Shop management • Hospital surgical teams • 1945-1960 (The Birth of a Profession) • U.S. Army Air Corps • U.S. Navy • Dunlap and Associates Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  13. History of Human Factors • 1960-1980 A period of rapid growth • Membership in a National Society • Human Factors and Ergonomics Society • www.hfes.org • Applied in industry in workplace and product design. • Space Program Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  14. History of Human Factors • 1980-1990 • Computers • Three mile island • Litigation Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  15. Psychology Cognition Sensation and Perception Engineering Anthropometry Biomechanics Systems design Mechanical Electrical Etc… Medicine, physiology, life sciences How the human body works Computer Science Programming Occupational Safety HFE is a Multidisciplinary Field Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  16. Topic Areas Computers Aerospace Industrial Processes Ergonomics Health and Safety Transportation Education Medical Systems Places Industry Academic Institutions Military-related research centers Government Agencies Independent research and consulting organizations Independent consultants Jobs in HFE Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  17. Aerospace and Defense Boeing General Dynamics Hughes Lockheed Martin TRW Rockwell Power & Utilities EG&G General Electric Westinghouse Automotive John Deere General Motors Honda Ford Nissan Toyota Communications AT&T GTE Lucent Technologies US West Examples of Employers Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  18. Computers Apple IBM Digital Equipment Corp. Hewlett-Packard INTEL Xerox Sun Microsystems Compaq NRC Corp. Start-up companies! Insurance Travelers Liberty Mutual Examples of Employers Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  19. Aerospace Systems Aging Cognitive Engineering & Decision making Communication Consumer Products Educator’s Professional Environmental Design Forensics Professional Industrial Ergonomics Macroergonomics Medical Systems & Rehabilitation Individual Differences in Performance Safety Surface Transportation System Development Test and Evaluation Training Virtual Environments Visual Performance Web Technical Groups in HFES Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  20. HFES provides opportunity for variety! • Areas in which I have worked: • Development of Radar System (TRW) • Development of Typewriters (Xerox) • Development of user interfaces • Designing systems for assembly planning • Aerospace applications • Advanced cockpit displays • Uninhabited aerial vehicles • Spatial disorientation training system • Virtual Environments • Expert Witnessing Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  21. SYSTEMS • Example Types • Manual • Mechanical • Automated (hybrid) • Characteristics of Systems • Systems have a purpose • Systems can be hierarchical • Systems operate in an environment Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  22. Information Storage Information Processing And Decision Actions Functions (physical Control Commun) Sensing (information receiving) Output Info input Systems • Components Serve Functions Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

  23. Systems • Components Interact • Systems, subsystems, and components have inputs and outputs Department of Biomedical, Human Factors, & Industrial Engineering

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