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European Expansion into Africa: Motivations and Fashoda

European Expansion into Africa: Motivations and Fashoda. HIST 4339. Room Change. Starting Mon, Nov 26, we will meet in CLUB 4. Outline. Final paper guidelines Comparative imperialism Methods of colonial control: Omdurman Fashoda. Imperial Motivations.

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European Expansion into Africa: Motivations and Fashoda

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  1. European Expansion into Africa:Motivations and Fashoda HIST 4339

  2. Room Change • Starting Mon, Nov 26, we will meet in CLUB 4

  3. Outline • Final paper guidelines • Comparative imperialism • Methods of colonial control: • Omdurman • Fashoda

  4. Imperial Motivations • German “sonderweg” [peculiar path]: —colonialism as distraction from internal problems (Hans-Ulrich Wehler) • French ideal of “overseas France” —ambitions to control all of North Africa

  5. Imperial Motivations • British focus on securing route to India • Also private hopes for African future (e.g. Rhodes’s Cape-to-Cairo railway) Punch Cartoon Depicting the “Rhodes Colussus” <www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/88.4/images/kramer_f2.jpg>

  6. Africa in 1914

  7. Methods of Colonial Control: Sudan • Cases of imperial violence: • Omdurman • Fashoda

  8. Omdurman • British effort to retake Sudan after Mahdist army’s rebellion against Egyptian rule www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ward_1912/egypt_under_british.jpg

  9. Omdurman • Battle of Omdurman (2 Sept 1898): British defeat of Mahdist army ◦ 48 Anglo-Egyptian casualties vs. 11,000 Mahdistcasualties ◦ British satirist Hilaire Belloc: Whatever happens, we have got the Maxim gun, and they have not. www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ward_1912/egypt_under_british.jpg

  10. Fashoda (1898) • French plans to dam Nile, gain control over British in Egypt • Victorious Anglo-Egyptian army stumbled across small French garrison www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ward_1912/egypt_under_british.jpg

  11. Fashoda (1898) • Tense weeks-long standoff between Britain and France over Fashoda • Eventual French surrender www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ward_1912/egypt_under_british.jpg

  12. Conclusions • Berlin Conference of 1884-85 as one step in European process of dividing Africa • German, French, and British motives and methods of rule varied • Fashoda as explosion that wasn’t, end of French hopes • Room change: after break, meet in CLUB 4

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