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Explore and contrast the different Reconstruction plans of Presidents Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress. This video provides an overview of their views and actions during the Reconstruction era.
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Reconstruction 5.21 Compare and contrast the different Reconstruction plans of Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress.
Intro of the Reconstruction • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJLBrDSTgng • Answer the questions on your sheet while watching the video and throughout the PowerPoint today
Reconstruction Views of President Lincoln • President Lincoln began drawing up plans for Reconstruction shortly after the Civil War began. • His plan was to allow the southern states to rejoin the Union - without punishment or anger and to rebuild and remake the country as if the war never happened or would happen again. • The task of Reconstruction was given to the nation’s Vice-President at the death of Abraham Lincoln and President Johnson’s views on Reconstruction were different than Lincoln’s.
Abraham’s Plan for Reconstruction • In late 1863, Lincoln announced a formal plan for reconstruction: • A general amnesty would be granted to all who would take an oath of loyalty to the United States and pledge to obey all federal laws pertaining to slavery. • High Confederate officials and military leaders were to be temporarily excluded from the process • When one tenth of the number of voters who had participated in the 1860 election had taken the oath within a particular state, then that state could launch a new government and elect representatives to Congress. • You could easily compare this to ObamaCare and Trump.
Presidential Reconstruction of Andrew Johnson • Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, was pro-slavery throughout his career in the Senate and as the Military Governor of Tennessee. • The views of the Vice President rarely matter too much, unless something happens to the President. Following Lincoln's assassination, Johnson's views now mattered a great deal.
Questions to Think About.. Talk to a partner • Would he follow Lincoln's moderate approach to reconciliation? What does this word mean? • Would he support limited black suffrage as Lincoln did? • Would he follow the Radical Republicans and be harsh and punitive toward the South?
Presidential Reconstruction of Andrew Johnson Continued • Johnson believed the Southern states should decide the course that was best for them. He also felt that African-Americans were unable to manage their own lives. He certainly did not think that African-Americans deserved to vote. At one point in 1866, he told a group of blacks visiting the White House that they should emigrate to another country. • He also gave amnesty and pardon to many southern leaders. He returned all property, except, of course, their slaves, to former Confederates who pledged loyalty to the Union and agreed to support the 13th Amendment.
Presidential Reconstruction of Andrew Johnson Continued • Johnson's vision of Reconstruction had proved remarkably lenient. Very few Confederate leaders were persecuted. By 1866, 7,000 Presidential pardons had been granted. Brutal beatings of African-Americans were frequent. Still-powerful whites sought to subjugate (defeat) freed slaves via harsh laws that came to be known as the Black Codes. Some states required written evidence of employment for the coming year or else the freed slaves would be required to work on plantations.
Presidential Reconstruction of Andrew Johnson Finished Up • In South Carolina, African-Americans had to pay a special tax if they were not farmers or servants. They were not even allowed to hunt or fish in some areas. • Blacks were unable to own guns — and even had their dogs taxed. • African-Americans were barred from orphanages, parks, schools and other public facilities. • The Freedmen's Bureau, a federal agency created to help the transition from slavery to emancipation, was thwarted (frustrated) in its attempts to provide for the welfare of the newly emancipated. • All of these rules resulted in the majority of freed slaves remaining dependent on the plantation for work.
RECAP • Take about 2 minutes and discuss with a partner to answer the following question. • What did Andrew Johnson do to Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan?
Reconstruction when Congress Takes Control • After President Johnson took the oath of office for President of the United States, he initially believed that he should punish the Confederate leaders. But, he changed his mind and wanted to readmit the Southern states as soon as they ratified the 13th Amendment.
What Congress Plans to Do • Congress began a time of forcing a tougher stand against the southern states and former Confederate leaders. While laws were passed by the Congress, President Johnson vetoed or rejected the laws. Congress had enough votes to override , or undo, President Johnson’s vetoes and the Congress took over the process of Reconstruction. This time was known as Congressional Reconstruction.
Congressional Reconstruction • The Congress also tried to impeach, which means to try a public official for breaking the law, President Johnson. The Senate tried President Johnson and was one vote short of impeachment. His job as president was saved, but his power as president was gone. • Impeach- bring an accusation against; level a charge against
This is a photograph of a ticket to the Impeachment hearing of President Andrew Johnson.
Review Crash Course Video of Reconstruction • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nowsS7pMApI
