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PRIMATES

PRIMATES. Chapter 14 read 935-946 Video "Life in the Trees" (students take their own notes) LABS Comparing human pelvis’ Comparing primate skulls Computer lab to complete www.becominghuman.org sheet in lab book Be sure to use internet explorer and NOT Netscape.

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PRIMATES

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  1. PRIMATES Chapter 14 read 935-946 Video "Life in the Trees" (students take their own notes) LABS Comparing human pelvis’ Comparing primate skulls Computer lab to complete www.becominghuman.org sheet in lab book Be sure to use internet explorer and NOT Netscape

  2. Carl Sagan’s Universe Calendar • 24 days = 1 billion years • 1 second = 475 years • “Big Bang” January 1 • Milky Way May 1 • Solar System September 9 • Life on Earth September 25 • Humanlike Primates December 31, 10:30pm Milky Way

  3. Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • class Mammalia (mammary glands, hair, live birth) • order Primates • family Pongidae (gibbons, gorilla, chimpanzee) • 2nd 1st closest to humans • 4 genera (anthropoids) • 180 species

  4. The Evolution of Primates

  5. PRIMATES lack a specialized body plan • this allows flexibility, • unspecialized teeth (omnivores), • opposable thumb and big toe, pentadactyl, no claws, fingernails • collarbone • eyes in front, short snout, binoculaar vision, color vision • developed cerebellum- coordination, cerebrum-- sensory perception

  6. Early Primates - Traits • Common physical primate traits: • Dense hair or fur covering • Warm-blooded • Live young • Suckle • Infant dependence • Common social primate traits: • Social life • Play • Observation and imitation • Pecking order Common Primate Traits

  7. Prosimians a. Fat-tailed galago (mainland Africa) b. Ruffed lemur (Madagascar) c. Sifaka (Madagascar) d. Ring-tailed lemur (Madagascar) e. Mouse lemur (Madagascar) f. Slow loris (South Asia) g. Aye-aye (Islands off Madagascar)

  8. Anthropoids a. Spider monkey (NW monkey) b. Saki monkey (NW monkey) c. Drill (OW terrestrial monkey) d. Tamarin (NW marmoset) e. Colobus (OW arboreal monkey) f. Gibbon (OW lesser ape) g. Gorilla (OW great ape)

  9. GRADES OF PRIMATES • 1. prosimians- lemurs, lorises, aye-ayes, tarsiers, long muzzled, furry faced, appearing more fox-like (classification is uncertain) Madagascar 80mybp adaptive radiation

  10. Lemurs, Tarsiers, Aye-Ayes, Lori

  11. Lemurs

  12. Tarsier

  13. Aye-Aye • The aye-aye shown here lives on the island of Madagascar. It is a very specialized insect-eater. • Large eyes & good climbing abilities. The aye-aye, and most other prosimians, differ from monkeys and apes in having a moist area of skin on the nose.

  14. Lori

  15. Aye-aye

  16. Loris

  17. Madagascar

  18. Ring tailed lemur

  19. Tarsiers

  20. Tarsiers

  21. 2. Anthropoidiea parallel evolution in the 2 groups described in the next slides. But they have in common a furless face and examine objects with their hands

  22. A. platyrrhine monkeys (Ceboids) main genus Cebus, south and central America "New World Monkeys", descendent of Eocene lemurs of North America, flat nose large nostrils, prehensil tail ex. howler, capuchins, squirrel monkey, marmoset

  23. Platyrrhine Monkeys Platyrrhines • Flat noses • Nostrils point sideways • Many have prehensile tails • Live in South and Central America

  24. Platyrrhine Monkeys: Tamarins

  25. Platyrrhine Monkeys: Capuchin Monkey

  26. Prehensile Tail

  27. Marmoset • Squirrel monkey

  28. Howler Capuchins

  29. B. catarrhine monkeys- Africa and Eurasia, no tails "Old World Monkeys" • Arboreal • Terrestrial- macaques and baboons quadrapeds callas pads on rump • brachiation- swinging from limb to limb • knuckle walking

  30. Catarrhine Monkeys • Downward-pointing nostrils • Evolved and found in Africa and Asia

  31. Catarrhines Divided into two Superfamilies: • Old World Monkeys • Hominoids • Lack tails, have larger skulls, & walk partially upright • Include Gibbons, Gorillas, Orangutans, Humans, & Chimpanzees

  32. Catarrhine Monkeys: Mandrill and Diana

  33. Terrestrial Old World Monkeys: Baboon

  34. Lesser Ape: Gibbon

  35. Great Ape: Orangutan

  36. Great Ape: Gorilla

  37. Great Ape: Chimpanzee

  38. Locomotion forms Brachiation Bipedalism Knuckle walking Laetoli, Tanzania, c. 3.5 - 3.8 million years ago

  39. a sub group **** Hominoids- great apes and humans • (gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee) • common ancestor in the Old World

  40. What is the origin of the primates? • DEBATE ABOUT THE EARLIEST most primitive primate TREE SHREW • are they primates or in the order Insectivore? • more flexible digits, olfactory lobe diminished • LEMURS - well developed hands, molars with 4 cusps • (much information from Life in the Trees video)

  41. WHAT ABOUT HUMAN BEINGS? • Phylogenetic tree (from article on “Man’s earliest ancestor” article) • approximately 15-20 mybp Ramapithecus

  42. Animal Connection • Humans share many traits with animals • We are most similar to apes • Same 206 bones • All but 3 of 650 muscles the same • DNA is 98% the same • Same blood types Albino Gorilla

  43. Humans are primates • Primates are mammals that share several physical characteristics. • Pentadactylism • 3-D color, binocular, & peripheral vision • Prehensile, precise, & powerful gripping • Flexible limbs • Similar genes

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