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The Functional Anatomy and Evolution of Bipedalism

The Functional Anatomy and Evolution of Bipedalism. David Strait University at Albany, Dept. of Anthropology. What makes us human? Which human adaptation evolved first?. Large brain. Tool-use. Precision grip. Language. Bipedalism. The functional morphology of bipedalism. Valgus

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The Functional Anatomy and Evolution of Bipedalism

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  1. The Functional Anatomy and Evolution of Bipedalism David Strait University at Albany, Dept. of Anthropology

  2. What makes us human? Which human adaptation evolved first?

  3. Large brain

  4. Tool-use

  5. Precision grip

  6. Language

  7. Bipedalism

  8. The functional morphology of bipedalism

  9. Valgus knee joint Australopithecus afarensis Pan troglodytes

  10. Lumbar curvature (lordosis) Pan troglodytes Homo sapiens

  11. Lumbar curvature (lordosis)

  12. Large, adducted hallux Homo sapiens Pan troglodytes

  13. Large, adducted hallux Short phalanges

  14. Large femoral head Homo sapiens Pan troglodytes

  15. Hypotheses explaining the origins of bipedalism

  16. Tool-use The earliest hominids pre-date the earliest tools by 3.5 million years

  17. Carrying Carrying hypotheses are very difficult to test.

  18. Thermoregulation

  19. Feeding posture Very difficult to test in the fossil record.

  20. Locomotor efficiency Bipedalism in the earliest hominids would have been inefficient. Would it have been more or less efficient than alternative modes of locomotion?

  21. The vertical- climbing hypothesis

  22. Chimpanzee wrist

  23. Chimpanzee wrist, lateral view Flexed Extended

  24. Distal radius, palmar view

  25. Feeding posture Carrying

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