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Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium

Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium. Hardy- Weinberg. Establishes a benchmark from a non-evolving population in which to measure an evolving population. Investigates the properties of populations that are not evolving. Hardy- Weinberg Theorum. States that:

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Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium

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  1. Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium

  2. Hardy- Weinberg • Establishes a benchmark from a non-evolving population in which to measure an evolving population. • Investigates the properties of populations that are not evolving

  3. Hardy- Weinberg Theorum • States that: • 1. frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population’s gene pool remain constant from generation to generation • 2. provided there are no evolutionary forces at work, such as: • Genetic drift • Natural Selection • Gene Flow

  4. Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium: • 1. constant allele frequencies from one generation to the next • 2. predictable genotype frequencies from allele frequencies

  5. Five conditions that describe Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: • 1. no mutations • 2. no gene flow • 3. random mating • 4. large population size to prevent genetic drift • 5. no selection

  6. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, p + q = 1 • p= frequency of the dominant allele • q= frequency of the recessive allele • p2= percentage of homozygous dominant individuals • q2= percentage of homozygous recessive individuals • 2pq= percentage of heterozygous individuals

  7. Sample problem: • Tongue rolling is an autosomal dominant trait (not really but we will pretend it is) • RR = homozygous dominant • Rr = heterozygous dominant • rr= homozygous recessive

  8. Tongue Rolling: • Population of the class = ___ individuals = ___ alleles • ____ students where non tongue rollers = rr • ____ students where tongue rollers = RR, or Rr • Calculate the following: • Frequency of the “rr” genotype: • Frequency of the “r” allele: • Frequency of the “R” allele: • Frequency of the “RR” and “Rr” genotypes

  9. First determine allelic and genotypic frequencies: • q2 = • q= • p= • p2 = • 2pq =

  10. Practice Problem: • You have sampled a population in which you know that the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype is 36%. Calculate the following: • Frequency of the “aa” genotype • Frequency of the “a” allele • Frequency of the “A” allele • Frequencies of the “AA” and “Aa” genotypes

  11. Homework Problem: • A very large population of randomly mating laboratory mice contains 35% white mice. White coloring is caused by the homozygous recessive genotype “aa”. Calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies for this population.

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