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Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

Nutrition and Cancer Prevention. Presented by James Smetaniuk, RD, CDE Registered Dietitian Allan Blair Cancer Centre. Quick Look. Cancer Prevention Basics What can we control What Role does food play in prevention Nutrition after diagnosis. Cancer Prevention.

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Nutrition and Cancer Prevention

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  1. Nutrition and Cancer Prevention Presented by James Smetaniuk, RD, CDE Registered Dietitian Allan Blair Cancer Centre

  2. Quick Look Cancer Prevention Basics What can we control What Role does food play in prevention Nutrition after diagnosis

  3. Cancer Prevention • About 1/3 of all cancers can be prevented by lifestyle choices • There is no one food to eat • There is no one exercise to do • It’s overall lifestyle choices

  4. Cancer Prevention Adapted from the American Institute for Cancer Reasearch Weight Diet Physical Activity Cancer Prevention

  5. Recommendations for Cancer Prevention Do not smoke or chew tobacco Be sun smart

  6. Recommendations for Cancer Prevention Be as lean as possible 30 minsphysical activity everyday.

  7. Recommendations for Cancer Prevention Avoid sugary drinks and energy dense foods. Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and legumes Limit red meats and avoid processed meats

  8. Recommendations for Cancer Prevention • Limit alcohol • 2 drinks/day for men, 1 drink/day for women • Limit salt and processed foods

  9. Recommendations for Cancer Prevention Don’t use supplements to protect against cancer Breastfeed exclusively to 6 months After treatment, same guidelines apply to cancer survivors.

  10. Foods Can Fight Cancer…. • Directly • Individual vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals have anti-cancer effects • Synergy of compounds in overall diet that have the biggest protective effect • Indirectly • Excess body fat increases the risk of seven cancers • Vegetables and fruits are low in calories • Whole grain and beans are rich in fibre and moderate in calories • Fill 2/3 of you plate with vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans

  11. Cancer Prevention and Diet ADD Cancer protective foods SUBTRACT foods that increase risk REPLACE large portions of calorie dense foods

  12. Phytochemicals – the Cancer Fighters in our Foods • Phytochemicals – naturally occurring plant chemicals • Provide colour, flavour, odour • Influence chemical processes in the body • Thousands have been identified

  13. Phytochemicals can…. Stimulate immune system Block carcinogens Reduce inflammation Prevent DNA damage and help repair Reduce oxidative cell damage Slow the growth of cancer cells Trigger death of damaged cells Regulate hormones

  14. Foods that Fight Apples Blueberries Broccoli and cruciferous veg Cherries Coffee Cranberries Flaxseed Grapefruit Legumes (dry beans, peas, lentils)

  15. Foods that Fight Soy Squash (winter) Walnuts Whole grains Berries Dark leafy greens Garlic Grapes and grape juice Green Tea Tomatoes

  16. Foods that Fight • Herbs, Spices and Tea • Turmeric • Ginger • Saffron • Tea

  17. What Does it Mean? Eat a variety of vegetables and fruits, whole grains and beans Brightly coloured and strongly flavoured vegetables and fruits are best source of phytochemicals STICK TO FOOD SOURCES

  18. Nutrition After Diagnosis Why is it important?

  19. Incidence of Malnutrition • Up to 80% of cancer patients experience malnutrition during their illness • Why? • Increase in energy expenditure • Changes in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism • Decreased intake due to treatment side effects

  20. Effects of Malnutrition  treatment complications and delays  hospitalizations  response to treatment  quality of life  survival rates

  21. Benefits of Eating Well Improve immune function to help fight infections Promote healing and recovery after treatment Prevent muscle wasting and maintain strength Provide energy to combat fatigue

  22. Nutrition Goals During Treatment Maintain or improve nutritional status Maintain or increase current weight Manage symptoms related to cancer and/or treatment

  23. Nutrition Recommendations

  24. Most Common Side Effects Decreased appetite Weight loss Dry mouth Sore mouth and throat Taste changes Nausea/vomiting Diarrhea Constipation Fatigue

  25. Questions?

  26. References American Institute for Cancer Research: Cancer Prevention – Putting it Together http://www.aicr.org/reduce-your-cancer-risk/cancer-prevention/ American Institute for Cancer Research: Diet – What We Eat http://www.aicr.org/reduce-your-cancer-risk/diet/ Canadian Cancer Society: Nutrition and Fitness http://www.cancer.ca/en/prevention-and-screening/live-well/nutrition-and-fitness/?region=sk LaMantia, J.(2012). The Essentials Cancer Treatment Nutrition Guide and Cookbook. Toronto: Robert Rose.

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