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Unit VII: Cities and Urban Land Use

Unit VII: Cities and Urban Land Use. A. Basic Question: Why Cities?. Cities exist for many reasons: Collective need for defense Sacred site Humans are social animals The most compelling modern reason? ECONOMICS. B. Markets and Cities. Market is nothing but Buyers Sellers

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Unit VII: Cities and Urban Land Use

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  1. Unit VII: Cities and Urban Land Use

  2. A. Basic Question: Why Cities? • Cities exist for many reasons: • Collective need for defense • Sacred site • Humans are social animals • The most compelling modern reason? • ECONOMICS

  3. B. Markets and Cities • Market is nothing but • Buyers • Sellers • These two parties negotiate a price and buy/sell • Cities provide the physical space for the transaction to occur

  4. C. Definitions • City – a conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics. • Urban: The buildup of the central city and the suburban realm – the city and the surrounding environments connected to the city.

  5. D. 1st Urban Revolution Two components enable the formation of cities: 1. an agricultural surplus 2. social stratification (a leadership class; upper and middle classes)

  6. Five Hearths of Urbanization In each of these hearths, an agricultural surplus and social stratification created the conditions necessary for cities to form and be maintained.

  7. E. Indus River Valley • Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were two of the first cities of the Indus River Valley. • intricately planned • houses equal in size • no palaces • no monuments

  8. F. Huang He and Wei River Valleys The Chinese purposefully planned their cities. • centered on a vertical structure • inner wall built around center • temples and palaces for the leadership class Terracotta Warriors guarding the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qin

  9. G. Mesoamerica Mayan and Aztec Civilizations Many ancient cities were theocratic centers where rulers were deemed to have divine authority and were god-kings.

  10. Mesoamerica Between 300 and 900 CE, Altun Ha, Belize served as a thriving trade and distribution center for the Caribbean merchant canoe traffic.

  11. H. Diffusion of Urbanization The Greek Cities - by 500 BCE, Greeks were highly urbanized. • Network of more than 500 cities and towns • On the mainland and on islands • Each city had an acropolis and an agora

  12. Athens, Greece the agora the acropolis

  13. H. Diffusion of Urbanization The Roman Cities - a system of cities and small towns, linked together with hundreds of miles of roads and sea routes. • Rome was the first city in the world with a million people • Cities with the Roman influence also had streets in a grid like pattern • With an identifiable center • “All roads lead to Rome”

  14. Roman Empire

  15. The Roman Forum Aqueducts in Nimes, France

  16. H. Diffusion of Urbanization Pre-industrial Europe • The new city was centered around a marketplace • Focus of activity on ports and waterways • Venice became an extremely influential city • Population separated based on occupations (guilds) or identity

  17. During the mercantile era, the cities that thrived were embellished by wealthy merchant families, who built ornate mansions, patronized the arts, participated in city governments, and supported the reconstruction of city centers. Genoa, Italy

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