UPR-R(river) P(rock)

1. RockSat2010... UPR-R(river) P(rock) University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Campus October 16, 2010 CoDRVer 0.1

2. Team Members Students: Faculty Support: • Vladimir Makarov • Geraldo Morell • Gladys Munoz • Rafael Velazquez • Benjamin Bolaño • Oscar Resto • Lisandra Cordero • Pedro J. Davila • Jose Fuentes • Luis Garcia • Rafael Gavilane • Laura Oben • Marilena Ortiz • Javier Rodriguez • Esteban Romero • Luis M. Rodriguez • Noel Sanchez • Veronica Zayas

3. Mission Overview 1) Mission objectives a) Brief explanation b) Expected findings c) Related research/experimentation 2) Design a) Hardware i) Parts ii) Functional block diagrams 3) RockSat Payload Canister Construction Compliance 4) Integration

4. Measurement of selected gases in near-space conditions. Inorganic and Microorganism aerosols survey in near-space conditions. Objectives

5. Measurement of gases • Why gases? • Measuring gases is an important part of the mission since they can be the building blocks of polypeptides. There is also an interest in measuring the gases that cause the greenhouse effect.

6. Greenhouse Effect

8. Finding microorganisms • What type of microorganism? a) Extremophiles: b) Psychrophiles (Below freezing temperatures) c) Piezophiles (High-pressure environments ) d) Radioresistant (Resistant to Ionizing radiation, UV) e) Endospore (Dormant stage)

9. Why these specimens?

11. Expected results • Microorganisms or endospores which can resist extremely high levels of radiation. This includes: UV (ultraviolet), X-rays and Gamma rays. Also capable of surviving in low pressures and temperatures. • Polypeptides or amino acids could also be obtained because the Miller andUrey components could be readily available.

12. Related research • Most of the studies related to atmospheric gases which have been collected at altitudes of 3 km have identified and measured the following: N2, O2, Ar, O, COx, CH4, H2S, SO2, O3, NOx, CFC, and H2O

13. Supporting Analysis Research • Identification of gases during the flight • Semiconductor gas sensor • Collection of aerosols • Polymer nano-scale filter (25 to1000 nm) • Bio-Sample Culture Collection and Survey • Sterilized adhesive collector and Microbiology standard procedures • Inorganic particles analysis • Auger, XPS, SIM’s and Time of Flight Mass Spectroscopy • Size distribution and element characterization • Electron Microscopy (TEM, SEM, EDS, ELL’S) • Laser spectroscopy analysis

14. Collection and Detection Diagram Ram Air Atmospheric Sampling Intake Computer Controlled Flow Valves Full Flow Diaphragm Pressure Regulator Exhaust Multiple Semiconductor Gas Sensors AVR Controller and Data Storage 1000 nm 1000 nm 1000 nm Microorganism and Aerosol Battery Filters 500 nm 500 nm 500 nm 200 nm 200 nm 200 nm 100 nm 100 nm 100 nm Bleeder Computer Controlled Flow Line Gas Canister Sampler 50 nm 50 nm 50 nm Bernoulli Gases Exhaust Port

15. Functional Payload

16. RAM Air Intake from Outside of the Rocket Power 2x9V Supply Batteries Notice Electrical Compliance with Wallops Gas Semiconductor Sensor 6 Exhaust Solenoid Valve RBF (Wallops) AVR Board Gas Semiconductor Sensor 5 G-Switch Flash Memory Functional Block Diagram 5V Regulator Gas Semiconductor Sensor 4 Nano-Filters Sequential Controlled Valves Z Accelerometer Gas Semiconductor Sensor 3 AVR Microcontroller X / Y Accelerometer ADC Gas Semiconductor Sensor 2 Intake Solenoid Valve Gas Semiconductor Sensor 1 Temperature Sensor 2x9 V Supply Exhaust at Rocket unpressurized section 6 channel ADC Control Circuit (NPN) Intake Solenoid Valves Data Airflow Power Interface AirCore Board Sequential Controlled Valves

17. AVR Schematic Wallops Compliance

18. Part List AVR Board 9) ATMega 32L Microprocessor 10) 16 MB Flash Memory 11) 0-15 Psi Pressure Sensor 12) 3-Axis Acceleration 13) Temperature Sensor 14) In-System-Programming 15) Attached Geiger Counter 16) 9 Volt Bus 17) RBF pin on each kit 18) G-switch on each kit Parts: 1) 3/8” PTFC tubing 2) Sequential Valves 3) Polymer type membrane filters 4) Discrete Semi-Conductor Sensors 5) TE Grids 6) Power and controls wiring 7) AVR 8) Gas Flow Control Diaphragms

19. Special RequirementsDynamic Port

20. Dynamic Port (Ram Air)

21. Air Intake and Bernoulli Exhaust Ram Air Intake Exhaust

22. RockSat Payload Canister User Guide Compliance

23. References • Miller, Stanley L. (May 1953). "Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions". Science 117: 528. • Thomas, Gary E. (1987) “Trace Constituents in the Mesosphere” Physica Scrypta T18: 281-288 • Philbrick,Charles R. ; Faucher,Gerard A. ; Wlodyka,Raymond A. (December 1971). “Neutral Composition Measurements of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere” National Technical Information Service • Nicholson, W, Munakata, N, Horneck, G, Melosh,H, and Setlow, P, (2000). “Resistance of Bacillus Endospores to Extreme Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments” Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, p. 548-572. • Satyanarayana, T.; Raghukumar, C.; Shivaji, S. (July 2005). "Extremophilic microbes: Diversity and perspectives". Current Science89 (1): 78–90.