TECNICA

1. The New Standard in SLS 3D Printing CASA TECNICA SLS Laser printhead by Tecnica, Inc.

2. Index • Summary 2. Printer Capabilities and Comparative Analysis 3. Intellectual Property 4. Future Competition: Barriers to Entry 5. Engineering: How we print higher definition at higher speeds 6. Plans 7. Outdated SLS Standard: Printing with Galvanometer + F-Theta 8. Printing with Galvanometer-Free Optics 9. How we can help NASA 10. Contact Us

3. Summary Tecnica Inc., is an up-and-coming SLS Printer manufacturer and developer that uses its patented, state of the art, Galvanometer-Free Optics (GFO) System to deliver the highest quality prints at an unprecedented speed. For over 40 years, every SLS Printer to date has operated using Galvanometers and F-Theta Lenses for beam guidance. This tradition ends now. By eliminating the need for Galvanometers and F-Theta lenses we have effectively diminished all major sources of distortion while printing at record speeds over 5x faster than the market standard. With a more powerful laser and motor, however, we are capable of reaching speeds of roughly 166.7x faster than the standard.

4. Printer Capabilities

5. Comparative Analysis • The table on the previous slide compares our entry level printer, the CASA, to the best printers on the market today. • Virtually all high end SLS printers released to date have used a Galvanometer and F-Theta Lens to direct their laser beams. • However, Galvanometers create several issues that put limits on the speed and accuracy that these systems can achieve. • These issues include non-uniform energy delivery, poor resolution, and distortion at the edges. • As a result all prior SLS printers have the same issues while delivering similar performance. • That all ends now, as we have successfully pioneered and implemented a superior alternative to this outdated technology. • Our new Galvanometer-Free Optics system, found within the CASA and Optima printers, can achieve previously unimagined resolution and print speeds.

6. Intellectual Property Granted: USPTO Patent No. 9435998 Beam director granted in September 2016 USPTO Patent No. 9233507 3D Printing apparatus with sensor device granted in January 2016. Israel Patent No. 256310 Beam director granted on September 2018. China Patent No. ZL201680030655.0 Beam Director granted in 2016 Australia Patent No. 2016325992 Beam director granted in 2016 Pending: USPTO App: 15715073: Beam Manipulation System, filed on 9/25/2017 with 9/26/2016 priority date PCT/US16/37131 international filed on June 13, 2016 PCT/US17/48938 international filed on Aug 28, 2017 PCT/US17/53342 international filed on Sep 25, 2017 Abridged: Brazil, Canada, China. EPO, Eurosia, India, Japan, S. Korea, Mexico, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Slicing algorithms and low level machine control code was developed alongside electronic circuitry IP

7. Future Competition: Barriers to Entry Our extensive intellectual property enables us to protect our market by deterring competing firms from embarking on a similar venture. With approved patents in five countries, pending in over 35, our groundbreaking optics and software are safeguarded across the globe from any competition. However, even without our patent protection, the extensive resources needed to develop the optics, software, and electronics would inhibit even the largest companies from developing the technology. In short, if reverse engineering this product was lawful, it would require millions of dollars and over a hundred years in man hours to accomplish. With our extensive patent infringement protection our Embedded Software, Electrical Application, Algorithms, Operating System , Communication, and Optics are protected across the globe.

8. Engineering At the core of our invention is the ability to: • Move a laser beam with uniform velocity and unrivaled speed • Enables uniform energy delivery to the powder • Maintain a perpendicular angle of incidence during the entire print • Circumvents all sources of distortion associated with traditional Galvanometer Optics • Keep the focus on the work surface at all times • Printing points rather than vectors allows us to stay on the print bed at all times, increasing the accuracy and reducing the time wasted idling This is achieved using two specially formulated mirrors: • M1 rotates and re-directs the laser beam to M2 • M2 is stationary and re-directs the laser beam to the work surface at an angle of 90°

9. Engineering SLS printing speed is almost solely dictated by the speed of the laser. As such, to calculate the velocity of our beam, V, on the work area we use: Where: R is the radius of M2 in meters and Fis the frequency of M1 in rotations per seconds (Hz). V = 2*𝜋*R*F Even with partial arc use and a motor of 100,000 rpm, the effective print speed will be about 1,000 m/sec. This can be compared to a standard print speed of 6 m/sec using previous Galvanometer systems. During testing, our laser and motor have restricted our speed to 5x faster than standard Galvanometer based systems. However, with higher powered equipment we can feasibly print 166.7x faster than the market standard.

10. Plans We are looking to partner with an entity that has the insight to bring our company to the next level. Although we are still a startup, we are well past proof of concept as we already have a working prototype and are currently testing. We’ve successfully devised a new technology for a niche emerging market, now it’s time to share it with the world! We’re looking for someone who can: • Bring us into production • Fine tune our business model • Grow our company • Maximize returns What we can do for you: • Introduce the best product on the market • Dominate an emerging field • Apply 3D printing solutions to new industries

11. Outdated SLS Standard: Printing with Galvanometer + F-Theta How they operate: -The two mirrors rotate independently but never complete a full rotation so that they are always facing each other - A laser is then shot at mirror 1 and reflected onto mirror 2 so that the beam can be controlled to move across the X-Y plane -However, as you can see in the picture the varied angle of contact with each surface causes distortion at the edges (note Ø1 and Ø2 are different angles)

12. Outdated SLS Standard: Printing with Galvanometer + F-Theta Inherent Limitations of Galvanometer based Optics: -Maximum moving speed is 2500 Hz (2500 oscillations per second): the beam cannot move quickly -Non-uniform speed causes uneven beam density and energy deliver -Repeating error: returning to the same point causes a non-linear error propagation -Shaking and rattling when printing close to maximum speed: causes short life expectancy and frequent yet costly maintenance -Variable angle of incidence across the print bed causes distortion that increases as it moves away from the center of the bed, propagating exponentially with each iteration

13. Outdated SLS Standard: Printing with Galvanometer + F-Theta F-Theta lenses are used to correct the tangent factor which is a distortion error that occurs when the beam focus moves away from the center of the print bed. The distortion is caused by the variable, non perpendicular angle with which the beam strikes the bed. The F-Theta correction comes with cost: • The laser beam hitting the plane will carry less energy as it points away from the center. This is because it becomes less perpendicular to the surface resulting in an elliptical sinter. • F-Theta is a composite of polished lenses which can carry production errors that cause a reflective shift in beam location. • F-Theta is not scalable and is very expensive. Printing with Galvanometers + F-Theta produces parts that are non-uniform in strength and accuracy. Tecnica’s Galvanometer-Free Optics does not use Galvanometers or F-Theta Lenses

14. Printing with Galvanometer-Free Optics Tecnica’s Galvanometer-Free Optics (GFO) printhead eliminates all errors associated with legacy systems. The Tecnica Galvanometer-Free Optics System: • Always directs the beam perpendicular to the surface • Keeps the beam moving at a constant speed: zero acceleration • Capable of print speeds over 1000 m/s vs. 6 m/s • Uniform strength and accuracy across entire print area • Scalable for any sized print bed • Affordable: cost is about 15% of equivalent Galvanometer+F-Theta printer

15. Printing with Galvanometer-Free Optics GFO Print pattern Simplified GFO

16. How we can help NASA On April 21, 2015 NASA reveals the printing of a full scale copper rocket engine part. According to NASA, the print took almost 11 days and composed of 8255 layers. Copper heat conductivity is so high that the sintering/melting process needs to slow down to avoid bending of the printed layer surface. Since most of the SLS printers are based on vector printing pattern (that's how galvanometers work) where a line is composed of successive points. The line printed will heat up quickly the material because of the accumulation of heat from the neighboring dots. We believe, NASA had to slow down the printing to cool down the surface. Hence, a ~10 inch high rocket took ~11 days to print. Tecnica’s GFO is not a vector based printer. Therefore, we can slice the layer in a way that we print points on the curve, by following other points that are far enough apart. This way the heat accumulation effect is minimized. E.g. we can print point at 0° then a point at 90° then at 180° then at 270° then at 45° then at 135° and so on. This way, the heat distribution will be even all across the layer. This will speedup the print as there will be no need to wait for extended cooling time. This printing pattern will be kept also when moving to the next layer.

17. Contact Tecnica, Inc. 800-367-3414 175 E Shore Rd.Great Neck, NY 11023www.tecnica.com Diana Rozenblum @ 516-428-0212, Dianar@tecnica.com Charles Bibas @ 516-423-9487, cbibas@tecnica.com