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World Civilizations Unit 12 PP 1 Chapter 20 sections 1 & 2

World Civilizations Unit 12 PP 1 Chapter 20 sections 1 & 2. The Congress of Vienna. The age of ideologies: REVIEW. Conservatism : Liberalism : Nationalism :. Return to the old order.

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World Civilizations Unit 12 PP 1 Chapter 20 sections 1 & 2

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  1. World CivilizationsUnit 12PP 1Chapter 20 sections 1 & 2 The Congress of Vienna

  2. The age of ideologies:REVIEW • Conservatism: • Liberalism: • Nationalism:

  3. Return to the old order • Following the Congress of Vienna Metternich and the conservatives began to suppress revolutionary thought with a program known as the Concert of Europe • The Metternich system

  4. Revolutions of 1820 • The first challenges to the Metternich system come from Central and Eastern Europe • Serbia • Greece • Italy • Spain • RESULTS • Why?

  5. France • Ruled by a constitutional charter and Louis XVIII • Reforms that stayed • Press, speech, religion • Only 100,000 of 30 million vote • Nobles believed the country too liberal so when Louis dies in 1824 they begin to work on Charles X (1824-1830)

  6. Charles X • Brother of Louis XVI and XVIII • Wanted to reestablish the old order in France • 5 hour coronation ceremony (very medieval) • 1830 he tried to revoke the constitutional charter • Within 3 days the upper-middle class led a revolt and unseated him

  7. Louis Phillippe (1830-1848) • Louis Phillippe was the cousin of Charles X and the Duke of Orleans • Known as the “Citizen King” dressed like a businessman • Kept the monarchy but extended the vote a little • Adopted the “tricolore” (flag)of the revolution • But…still favored the wealthy

  8. Other revolutions in the 1820’s and 1830’s • Belgium (1830-1831) • Why? • Poland (1831-1832) • Why? • The Cadet revolution

  9. Factors in the Revolutions of 1848 • Nationalism:Created by who? • Economic crisis: 1846-1848 bad harvests led to business failures and unemployment (Marx???) • Drought in Europe, Potato blight (Ireland) • Romantic movement: Carried out in the arts and literature. Revolt against classicism (rules for art) and the enlightenment (rationality, order and restraint) • Spontaneity, love of nature, emotional exuberance, imagination

  10. Romantic artists • Giuseppe Verdi: Italian nationalist composer • Richard Wagner: German nationalist composer • Alexander Dumas: The Three Musketeers • Eugene Delacroix: Liberty Leading the People (1830) • Gothic (Mary Shelley)

  11. France • Problem: Discontent with Louis Philippe by the working class • Feb 22 1848 they rose up and Louis abdicated creating the 2nd French republic • Louis Blancemerges as a leader of the 10 man board that now runs France • France begins a national workshopsprogram • By June the middle class has had enough and elects more conservative delegates who end the workshops

  12. The June Days • The poor responded by barricading the streets which led to 3 days of fighting • 10,000 dead • Shows the division in French society • Socialism rejected as too radical

  13. Louis Napoleon • Nephew of the Emperor, wins the Presidency in late 1848 • More conservative but also believed in helping the poor • At the end of his 4 year term the Assembly tried to stop him from running again but failed • December 1851 he was elected to a 10 year term • 1 year later 97% voted him Emperor Napoleon III

  14. Austria • The Empire had too many ethnic groups and had rejected all liberal reform • Vienna March 1848 • Student led disturbances asking for liberal reform • Nationalist revolts from the • Czechs • Hungarians (Louis Kossuth) • Italians • German States (Frankfurt Parliament)

  15. Results of 1848 • The Austrian imperial government decided to reassert its authority October of 1848 • Bombard Vienna and liberal revolt folded • December 2:Emperor Ferdinand I abdicates and is replaced by his nephew Francis Joseph (1846-1916) • By March 1849 military rule is reestablished over the Hungarians, Czechs and Italians • German states failed to unify

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