Internet Overview

1. Internet Overview Min Ding

2. You know you are addicted to the Internet when... • You check your mail. It says "no new messages." So you check it again, and again. • You kiss your girlfriend (boyfriend)'s home page. • You turn off your modem and feel awfully empty. • You refer to having lunch as uploading. • The remote to the T.V. is missing...and you don't even care. • Your dog has its own home page. • You code your homework in HTML and give me the URL. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

3. TOPICS • A Brief History of Internet • Internet Today • Categorizing Web entities E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

4. The 1960s The Internet is first conceived in the early '60s. Under the leadership of the Department of Defense's Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA), it grows from a paper architecture into a small network (ARPANET) intended to promote the sharing of super-computers amongst researchers in the United States. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

5. The 1960s (continued) • 1962 - The RAND Corporation begins research into robust, distributed communication networks for military command and control. • 1965 - The DOD's Advanced Research Project Association begins work on 'ARPANET' • 1968 - First generation of networking hardware and software designed • 1969 - ARPANET connects first 4 universities in the United States, Stanford Research Institute, UCLA,UC Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

6. 1970 - 1973 The ARPANET becomes a high-speed digital post office as people use it to collaborate on research projects and discuss topics of various interests. • 1971 - The ARPANET grows to 23 hosts connecting universities and government research centers around the country. • 1972 - The InterNetworking Working Group becomes the first of several standards-setting entities to govern the network. Vinton Cerf is elected the first chairman, and later known as a "Father of the Internet." • 1973 - The ARPANET goes international with connections to University College in London, England and the Royal Radar Establishment in Norway. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

7. 1974 - 1981 The general public gets its first vague hint of how networked computers can be used in daily life as the commercial version of the ARPANET goes online. • 1975 - Internet operations transferred to the Defense Communications Agency • 1979 - First USENET newsgroup was established. Users from all over the world join these discussion groups to talk about the net, politics, religion and thousands of other subjects. • 1981 - ARPANET has 213 hosts. A new host is added approximately once every 20 days. • 1982 - The term 'Internet' is used for the first time. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

8. 1982 - 1987 For the first time the loose collection of networks which made up the ARPANET is seen as an "internet", and the Internet as we know it today is born. The combination of inexpensive desktop machines and powerful, network-ready servers allows many companies to join the Internet for the first time. Corporations begin to use the Internet to communicate with each other and with their customers. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

9. 1982 – 1987(continued) • 1983 - TCP/IP becomes the universal language of the Internet • 1984 - William Gibson coins the term "cyberspace" in his novel "Neuromancer." The number of Internet hosts exceeds 1,000. • 1985 - Internet e-mail and newsgroups now part of life at many universities • 1986 - Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio creates the first "Freenet" for the Society for Public Access Computing. • 1987 - The number of Internet hosts exceeds 10,000. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

10. 1988 - 1990 By 1988 the Internet is an essential tool for communications, however it also begins to create concerns about privacy and security in the digital world. New words, such as "hacker," "cracker" and" electronic break-in", are created. • On Nov. 1, 1988, a malicious program called the "Internet Worm" temporarily disables approximately 6,000 of the 60,000 Internet hosts. The Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) was subsequently formed to address security concerns raised by the Worm. • 1990 - The ARPANET is decommissioned, leaving only the vast network-of-networks called the Internet. The number of hosts exceeds 300,000. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

11. 1991-1993 • In 1991 the NSF lifts the restriction on commercial use, clearing the way for the age of electronic commerce. • 1991, University of Minnesota releases "gopher," the first point-and-click way of navigating the files of the Internet. The World Wide Web is born! • 1992 - One million hosts have multi-media access to the Internet over the MBONE • 1992 - The first audio and video broadcasts take place. More than 1,000,000 hosts are part of the Internet. • 1993 - Mosaic, the first graphics-based Web browser, becomes available. Traffic on the Internet expands at a 341,634% annual growth rate. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

12. 1994 -- • 1994 - Marc Andersen and Jim Clark form Netscape Communications Corp. Pizza Hut accepts orders for a mushroom, pepperoni with extra cheese over the net. • 1995 - NSFNET reverts back to a research project, leaving the Internet in commercial hands. The Web now comprises the bulk of Internet traffic • 1996 - Approximately 40 million people are connected to the Internet. More than $1 billion per year changes hands at Internet shopping malls, and Internet related companies like Netscape are the darlings of high-tech investors. The number of computer hosts approaches 10 million. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

13. 46% growth in 1998 Internet Today Rapid Growth of Hosts (network size) • Between January 1994 and January 1999, Internet hosts grew from 2.2 million to over 43 million • A 46% growth rate in 1998 E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

14. Internet TodayRapid Growth of Users • The Internet user base has grown rapidly as well • Worldwide, the number of users was estimated to be > 160 million in March, 1999 • Over 90% of the users on the Net have joined in the last 5 years • More growth is possible, as < 4% of the world’s adult population is online • 50% of users think the Net is a “necessity” E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

15. Internet Users, July 2000An Educated Guess Compiled by Nua Internet Surveys E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

16. Internet TodayRapid Growth of Content • Spring 1998, the size of the Web was estimated at 300 million pages • Growth rates in content exceed growth rates in hosts and the number of users • From June 1997 to March 1998, Web content grew at 120% • More importantly, the types and creativity of Web site content have blossomed E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

17. Categorizing Web Entities • Class 0 – They talk, you listen • Class 1 – You ask, they answer • Class 2 – They ask, they answer • ? Class 3 – No they, no you E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

18. Class 0 – They talk, you listen http://assets.wharton.upenn.edu/~min42 class 0 site is basically an e-catalog E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

19. Class 1 – You ask, they answer http://www.amazon.com class 1 site is capable of addressing your requests, such as processing your purchasing order, sending an e-card to a friend, … E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

20. Class 2 – They ask, they answer ? class 2 site, once collected enough information about you (e.g., medical info), is capable of initiating questions relevant to you, get the answer from its own site or the internet, and make recommendation to you. – kind of like your mom … E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

21. Class 3 – No they, no you ?+? class 3 site should, theoretically, be an extension of you on the internet. Their judgment will no longer be recommendations. Have your site talk to my site … E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

22. My take on web … • Internet reduces (information) acquisition cost • Internet (its attached computing power) enhances an individual’s intellectual capability E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU

23. E-Commerce, Min Ding, PSU