Sy and Leslie Jae Lenell Levine

1. Looking for the MH-370: Global Aviation Securityand a Solution Based on Streaming Real-Time Flight Data Sy and Leslie Jae Lenell Levine web page: www.safelander.com email: sylevine1@sbcglobal.net

2. EMERGING TECHNOLOGY MAKES IT VIABLE AND DESIREABLE TO UTILIZE ONE ONBOARD PILOT AND A REMOTELY LOCATED COPILOT FOR:  SAFETY  SECURITY  RELIABILITY  COST REDUCTION

3. "Emerging Technology Can Increase Safety, Security & Reliability While Reducing Cost" • Reduce piloting costs by permitting a single onboard pilot and a remote copilot (that can safely provide the backup control for a plurality of aircraft). • A single remote-pilot can concurrently provide the backup for and safely fly a plurality of airplanes using well known aircraft spacing/separation. • Utilizes highly-qualified remote-pilot to safely fly an aircraft in congested air space, via ciphered radio telemetry to the aircraft and air traffic controllers. • Permits the remote-pilot/copilot to control/fly/land an operational aircraft just as if he/she were the onboard pilot. • Reduce 9/11, Helios (FLT. 522-2005,121 fatality,B-737)/Payne Stewart(1999,Lear Jet, 5 fatality) Decompression crashes, etc. • When a plane substantially deviates from its approved flight plans, it is presently possible to have a remote-pilot/copilot located in a secure, high-fidelity, virtual-reality aircraft simulator fly the plane to a safe landing at a sparsely populated airfield. The cost reduction by eliminating a 9/11 type crash would more than pay for the entire system and its operation for ten years. • Planes that deviate onto potentially fatal runways can be stopped.

4. "Emerging Technology Can Increase Safety, Security & Reliability While Reducing Cost“ (continued) • Reduce costly runway expansion programs. • Provides enhanced tarmac visibility and situation awareness aboard the aircraft and to the traffic controllers. • Unifies and simplifies air traffic control and pilot displays and makes them more comprehensive. • Eliminates the present half cup full system where neither the controllers or the pilots have shared the necessary information to prevent crashes. • Reduces delays and permits higher traffic density on existing runways. • Enhances tarmac safety. • Reduce aircraft operating costs. • Decreases fuel utilization. • Increases aircraft payload (reduced weight). • Decreases avionics maintenance (less avionics and mechanical interfaces).

5. "Emerging Technology Can Increase Safety, Security & Reliability While Reducing Cost“ (continued) • Reduce the costs and problems associated with the recovery and utilization of onboard flight data via real-time telemetry of the digital flight data. • Digital flight data is safely stored, in real-time on the ground computer’s memory for post flight analysis. • Digital Flight Data recorder aboard the aircraft can provide data redundancy. • Permits Recorders to be used for automatic checkout of the aircraft prior to takeoff during a flight, and post flight. • Gets safety personnel quickly to a crash site for possible triage and the saving of lives. • Reduces the anguish of crash victims families. • Reduce FOQA costs and its latency period; • All data is automatically telemetered to the ground in real-time for processing and distribution. Provides the necessary real-time digital-data to open the door to knowledge based 4-dimenstional trajectory Air Traffic Management (ATM), aeronautics and navigation. • Minimizes scheduled engine maintenance by real-time tracking of engine utilization. • Reduce insurance costs by making the plane and airports safer and securer. • Reduces LRU costs by eliminating TCAS hardware and performing that function in the air and on the tarmac/ground via software (standard TCAS doesn’t function on the ground and can’t prevent ground incursions).

6. "Emerging Technology Can Increase Safety, Security & Reliability While Reducing Cost“ (continued) • Has many advantages over the current day onboard-only dual pilots approach, since the remote-pilot/copilot isn’t subject to loss of oxygen/decompression, extreme G forces, temperature, smoke, passenger disturbances and terrorists. • The ground-based cockpit virtual-reality simulator minimizes problems associated with pilot disorientation, poor visibility, weather, runway selection and ground incursions, which have resulted in numerous fatal accidents. • From a safety standpoint, the remote-pilot/copilot can communicate directly with flight operations, emergency and security personnel, ATC/ATM as well as with the aircraft manufacturer’s design/engineering experts on how best to handle an aircraft operation problem thereby preventing the loss of life. • Utilizes present state-of-the-art communication security, communication technology, and data storage to make flying safer, securer and more economical. • Provides a safety and security technology bridge to the future use of unmanned cargo aircraft (UCA).

7. FIGURE 1. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OVERVIEW AIRCRAFT THAT CAN BE REMOTELY CONTROLLED GLOBAL SATELLITE TWO WAY CIPHERED DIGITAL DATA COMMUNICATION LINK REMOTE COPILOT IN A SECURE AIRCRAFT SIMULATOR (VIRTUAL REALITY COCKPIT) SIMULATOR PROCESSOR ATC/M, WEATHER, MAP, TERRAIN & SECURITY DATA TWO WAY SECURE GROUND CIPHERED DIGITAL DATA LINK

8. FIGURE 2.AVIONICS SYSTEM GPS/GLONASS Navigation Satellite Global Satellite Two-Way Secure Ciphered Digital Data Communication Link GPS/GLONASS Receiver Advisory System Performance and Control Sensor Data Aircraft That Can Be Remotely Piloted Acoustic Data Sensor Multiplexer Transceiver Video Data Remote Pilot Electronic Interface (FCU, ILS, AUTOPILOT INTERFACES)

9. FIGURE 3.TWO-WAY CIPHERED DIGITAL DATA & VOICE COMMUNICATION LINK Central Ground-Based Processing Station

10. TABLE 1.BASIC DATA STORAGE AND RATES25 MEGA-BAUD AND STORAGE 100 GIGA-BYTE/DAYNote: In 2014 PCs Have 1 Terabyte (1000 Gigabytes) of Storage

11. FIGURE 4.CENTRALGROUND-BASED PROCESSING STATION (CGBS) Aircraft Warnings and Cautions Antenna Control & RF and UHF Interface (Cipher, Anti-Jam & Anti-spoof Controller) Aircraft Simulation DISPLAY & CONTROL Data Storage Processor GROUND BASED ENHANCED SAFE AND SECURE “BLACK BOX”DATA Air Carriers and Aircraft Manufacturers Communication Module REMOTE PILOT SECURE AIRCRAFT SIMULATOR ATC Module

12. FIGURE 5.GROUND-BASED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Processor Air Carriers and Aircraft Manufacturers Communication Module ATC/M Module 1 1 N N En - route ATC/M TRACON ATC/M 1 MapDatabase TopographicDatabase N Air Carrier and Aircraft Manufacturer Facility Air Carrier &Aircraft Manufacturer Facility WeatherDatabase Emergency & Maintenance Warnings/ Cautions SAFELANDER (REMOTE PILOT CAPABILITY) SECURE AIRCRAFT SIMULATOR Simulations

13. FIGURE 6.GENERIC REPRSENTATION OF THE 583 FATALITY TENERIFE CRASH & OTHERS TRANSLATOR DOWN UP LANDING GEAR -- LANDING GEAR DOWN- BRAKE ON Note: The 583 fatality Tenerife crash was head on. This pictorial is a generic representation and shows aircraft orthogonal on the runway. COLOR CODE TRANSLATOR AIRCRAFTGREENREDBLUE FUSELAGE PLANE MOVING STOPPED ------- ENGINE HIGH THRUST OFF LOW BRAKE ------ ON ------- PROJECTION COLLISION TRAJECTORY ESTIMATED COLLISION POINT SAFELANDER PROVIDES AUTOMATED COLLISION AVOIDANCE ALERTS ATC/M & CAS ENHANCED CAPABILITY DISPLAY

14. FIGURE 7.TENERIFE, ET AL., NO MORE TRANSLATOR DOWN UP LANDING GEAR -- LANDING GEAR DOWN- BRAKE ON Note: The 583 fatality Tenerife crash was head on. This pictorial is a generic representation and shows aircraft orthogonal on the runway. PROJECTION SAFE TRAJECTORY COLOR CODE TRANSLATOR AIRCRAFTGREENREDBLUE FUSELAGE PLANE MOVING STOPPED ------- ENGINE HIGH THRUST OFF LOW BRAKE ------ ON ------- SAFELANDER PROVIDES A SAFE TRAJECTORY DISPLAY ATC/M & CAS ENHANCED CAPABILITY

15. FIGURE 8. FATAL TARMAC CRASHES ARE SIMPLY UNNECESSARY AND ARE PREVENTABE A FATAL CRASH IN THE GROUND INCURSION FAMILY IS THE 79 FATALITY 10/31/00 SINGAPORE AIRLINE’S FLIGHT 006 CLEARED FOR RUNWAY 05L FATAL RUNWAY 05R TAKEN The 21st Century Aviation System controller and the pilot would have full visibility display of the plane going onto the wrong hazardous runway way long before the fatal accident occurred. The controller would then provide manual and automatic alerts to the pilot of the problem. These alerts would have probably prevented the needless loss of lives. If these alerts to the pilot failed, the controller would shut the plane down to prevent the fatal accident. The system, not the pilot’s error, killed these passengers. We have allowed ignorance and a dark age autopsy mode to solely exist. Most errors or problems need not result in fatal accidents.

16. FIGURE 8-A.Comair Flight 5191 Fatal Crash On Aug. 27, 2006 Killing 49 People (First Officer James Polehinke Was The Sole Survivor) Flt 5191 should have gone down the 7003 foot Runway 22 SAFELANDER would have prevented this crash by displaying to the pilot in real-time the safe trajectory Flt 5191 erroneously went down the 3500 foot Runway 26 This is a recurring tarmac crash that was readily preventable. It was due to a fatal flaw in the traffic control shared information system and not pilot error.

17. FIGURE 9.SAFELANDER CAS DISPLAY PROJECTED COLLISION TRAJECTORY BASED ON AIRCRAFT TRACK VECTORS • VELOCITIES ( Vn,Ve, Vh) • PRESENT POSITIONS • PROJECTED POSITIONS NOTE: ONE LANDING GEAR IS DOWN FLASHING PROBLEM ICONS LANDING GEAR 15 MINUTES OF FUEL REMAINING PROJECTION TRAJECTORIES TRANSLATOR DOWN UP LANDING GEAR -- SAFE COLLISION ESTIMATED COLLISION POINT

18. FIGURE 10.SAFELANDER PROVIDES AN AIRCRAFT DATA SUPERHIGHWAY (SIMILAR TO THE INTERNET)THAT RESPECTS AN AIR CARRIER’S PRIVILEGED DATA LEO DATA LINK SAT GPS SAT AC1/P1 AC2/P1 AC# = AIR CARRIER (1,2,...) P# = PLANE (1,2,...) PRIVILEGED AIR CARRIER CIPHERED DATA ATC/M &CAS DATA ONLY AC1 DATA ONLY AC2 DATA CGBS P1 P2 P1 P2 C D A B A,B,C,D,... DATA

19. FIGURE 11.CHRONOLOGY OF SATELLITE PER FLIGHT COMMUNICATION COSTS

20. TABLE 2.WORLDWIDE AIR CARRIER FATALITIES AND FATAL ACCIDENTS THE YEARS 1987 THROUGH 1996 (NOTE: DOESN’T INCLUDE 3000 DEATHS IN 9/11/2001)

21. Average = 4.02 Median = 1.89 Average = 1.73 Median = 1.89

22. WITHOUT SAFELANDER IT WILL RECUR

23. WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

24. WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

25. WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

26. WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

27. WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

28. WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

29. WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

30. WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

31. WITH SAFELANDER WE HAVE A COST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO OUR SAFETY AND SECURITY

32. Table 3. Back-up Material 9/11/2001 • Notice that the departure and crash times would have permitted a single remote pilot in a ground-based simulator to take real-time control of each aircraft and sequentially land them at sparsely populated landing sites: • On September 11, 2001 the following occurred: AIRCRAFT_CAR.FLTDEPARTURE CRASH SITE FATALITIES BOEING 767 AAL 11 7:59 AM 8:46 AM WTC 92 BOEING 767 UAL 175 7:58 AM 9:03 AM WTC 65 BOEING 757 AAL 77 8:10 AM 9:43 AM PENTAGON 64 BOEING 757 UAL 93 8:44 AM 10:10 AM PA. 44 • A total of 265 died aboard aircraft and about 2700 died on the ground. • The cost of the disaster was estimated at over 10 billion dollars which is more than five times the estimated 2 billion dollars required to make SAFELANDER operational. • As bad as 9/11 was, the terrorists could have inflicted much worse damage by using the aircraft as a guided bombs and flown/crashed into some nuclear plants.

33. RAFT sends the digital flight data and cockpit voice information to the ground in real-time for safe storage, timely retrieval to enhance safety, security, reliability and cost reduction applications (Eliminates TheAirFrance, Airbus A330, Flight 447, Category Recorder Problems) GPS/GLONASS Navigation Satellite Global Satellite Two-Way Secure Ciphered Digital Data Communication Link GPS/GLONASS Receiver Advisory System Performance and Control Sensor Data Acoustic Data Sensor Multiplexer Transceiver Video Data Aircraft Black Boxes Only For Redundancy Aircraft’s Flight Data Safely Stored On Ground and Available For Real-Time Utilization

34. SAFELANDER PREVENTS 9/11 RECURRENCE Without It We Depend On Luck • On October 21, 2009 Northwest, Airbus A320, Flight 188, flew past its destination with no FAA communication for an hour and 18 minutes. (Flt between San Diego, CA to Minneapolis, MN) • In all that time no fighter plane took off to intercept Flight 188. This period is longer than either AAL Flight 11 or UAL Flight 175 needed to take-off and crash into the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001.

35. March 8, 2014, 0041: Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 departs from Kuala Lumpur International Airport and is due to land in Beijing at 0630 the same day. On board the Boeing 777-200ER are 227 passengers and 12 crew. • The scandal is that, as of May/27/2014 and extensive/expensive searches, no one knows where the plane is or what caused the tragedy. • The critical flight data was locked up in the DFDR recorder aboard the plane and never effectively data streamed to the ground for safe retrievable storage and possible used in real-time for crash avoidance. • The communication system on commercial carrier aircraft is a low bandwidth technically obsolete system that wouldn’t be tolerated by the military for UAVs/RPVs (drones).

36. In Conclusion"Emerging Technology Can Increase Safety, Security & Reliability While Reducing Cost" Increases: • Aircraft payload and fuel economy by reducing aircraft weight and avionics; (eg: does TCAS function better in the air & adds that function on the ground without having the present TCAS hardware on planes) • Homeland security of the public and its edifices; • Prevents the recurrence of 9/11 type disasters; • Prevents unauthorized aircraft from flying into restricted airspace and their potential destruction; • Airport efficiency, utilization and automation by automatically providing all of the data necessary for enhanced safe visibility; • Through-put (the number of daily takeoffs and landings an airport; can safely accommodate) • Prevents ground incursions.

37. In Conclusion (continued)"Emerging Technology Can Increase Safety, Security & Reliability While Reducing Cost" Increases (Continued): • Situation awareness to the pilot/s and controllers using simple unified real-time displays that show all of the necessary data required for aircraft safety; • ADS-B utility and economical justification; • The real-time digital-data required for safe and secure 4-dimensional ATC/M and free-flight; • Safety of flight; • Prevents decompression disasters, hijacking, rogue pilot and pilot error crashes; • Allows for the use of simulations and expert systems to prevent aircraft problems from turning into fatal crashes;

38. In Conclusion (continued)"Emerging Technology Revolutionizing Aircraft Safety, Security, Reliability & Cost Reduction" Decreases: • The cost of flying; • The need for expensive runway expansion programs; • Aircraft crashes; • Hijacking; • The number of aircraft that fly unauthorized into restricted airspace; • Aircraft weight; • Piloting and maintenance personnel costs; • Aircraft avionics costs; • Aircraft purchase costs; • Insurance costs; • The need to recover flight data recorders;

39. In Conclusion (continued)"Emerging Technology Can Increase Safety, Security & Reliability While Reducing Cost" Decreases (Continued): • The time and money spent on flight recorder recovery and recorder maintenance (sometimes the recorder isn’t recovered or has problems in the data it is supposed to record); • Tthe time to get to a crash site for possible triage and the saving of lives • FOQA costs and its latency period; • All data is automatically telemetered to the ground in real-time for processing and distribution; • The number of and ambiguity of avionics and ATC/M displays; • Position, heading, attitude, breaking status, engine status, landing gear status, fuel remaining, etc. are now available & clearly displayed; • Voice communication bandwidth and the speech comprehension ambiguities that have led to crashes; • Provides a good portion of the safety related data automatically in Usable display and alert forms;

40. In Conclusion (continued)"Emerging Technology Can Increase Safety, Security & Reliability While Reducing Cost" Decreases (Continued): • costly runway expansion programs by providing enhanced tarmac visibility; • flight delays by safely decreasing aircraft separation; • aircraft fuel cost per pound of payload by eliminating items unrelated to payload; • the maintenance costs for aircraft avionics and mechanical systems by having less of them; • aircraft purchase costs by eliminating items unrelated to payload; and • insurance costs and liability claims.

41. Some References & URL’s • Safelander (see http://www.safelander.com for China Patent (CN101093617 B) and Dutch Magazine Article • The Remote Aircraft Flight Recorder and Advisory Telemetry System, RAFT(Patented),And It's Ability to Reduce fatal Air Accidents By 78%While Enhancing Air Space Capacity, Operational Efficiency and Aircraft Security • http://www.ntsb.gov/events/symp_rec/proceedings/authors/levine.pdft • New Statistics Show Need To Improve Air Safety Record • http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0UBT/is_47_13/ai_57788793 • US PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE (PATENT NUMBER SEARCH): • http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm • “Safelander” 7,099,752 Lenell & Levine August 29, 2006 • “Remote, aircraft, global, paperless maintenance system”5,974,349 Levine October 26, 1999 • “Remote aircraft flight recorder and advisory system” 5,890,079 Levine March 30, 1999 • AIEE/IEEE/SAE Digital Avionics Conference (DASC) Nov. 1998 “The Remote Flight Recorder …” * • htpp://www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/5955/15955/00739808.pdf?arnumber=739808 • AIEE/IEEE/SAE Digital Avionics Conference (DASC) Oct. 2007 “An Onboard Pilot & Remote …” * • htpp://www.ieeexplore.ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4391923 • Advanced Aerospace Manufacturing Conference April 23-24, 2009 • “Emerging Technology Enhances Aviation Safety, Security While Providing Cost Reduction” NOTE: * Both DASC papers won the best session paper awards.

42. “Thanks to commercial aircraft I got over my fear of flying.” Lucky Flight 777 Check In “Although you know that it’s still twice as safe to be an astronaut”

43. "Emerging Technology Revolutionizing Aircraft Safety, Security, Reliability & Cost Reduction/The New Paradigm" • CONCLUDING REMARKS • QUESTIONS AND OPEN DISCUSSION OF THE ISSUES & PRESENTATION