1 / 51

Electricity Basics: Static electricity, conductors, and circuits explained. Learn about charging by friction, induction,

Learn about static electricity, conductors, and circuits, including charging by friction, induction, and contact. Understand current, voltage, resistance, and Ohm's Law. Explore series circuits and properties of materials.

lease
Download Presentation

Electricity Basics: Static electricity, conductors, and circuits explained. Learn about charging by friction, induction,

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ch 20 ELECTRICITY

  2. Static electricity the accumulation of electric charges (e-) on an object opposite charges attract, like charges repel There are 3 ways to transfer e- from one object to another:

  3. #1Charging by Friction Dragging feet on carpet Rubbing balloon on hair Running comb through your hair All have e- transferring causing negative charge

  4. #2Charging by Induction charged objects cause e- to rearrange their position on a neutral object, w/o contact Ex: Electroscope or a door knob

  5. An electroscope detects the presence of electric charges, NOT the type of charge! • If a negatively charged item touches the knob, the leaves repel • If a positively charged item touches the knob, the leaves repel • An uncharged object has no effect on the leaves

  6. Electroscope

  7. #3 Charging by Contact Touching hand to Van De Graff generator

  8. Conductors and Insulators Conductor-A material that allows e- to move easily Ex: metals, earth Insulators-A material that does NOT allow e- to move easily Ex: plastic, wood, glass

  9. Star Questions • What is static electricity? • The accumulation of charges on an object • How do like charges behave? • They repel • What is charging by friction? • Electrons move from one object to another causing a charge • What is a conductor? Give an example. • A material that allows electrons to move easily; copper wire • What is an insulator? Give an example. • A material that does not allow electrons to move easily; plastic

  10. Electric Current Flowing Electrons a negatively charged object has more potential energy than uncharged objects Electrons flow from places of higher PE to places of lower PE

  11. There are 2 types of Electric Current: • Direct Current: Charge flows in one direction • Alternating Current: Charge can reverse it’s direction

  12. Circuit Symbols Conductor(wire) Switch Battery Bulb, light, lamp Motor Voltmeter Ammeter Resistor/resistance

  13. Circuit a closed path through which e- can flow

  14. Batteries 1. Dry Cell E- flow from + to - Contains an electrolyte paste 2. Wet Cell Two metallic (different metals) plates in electrolyte solution

  15. Potential Difference difference in potential between 2 different places Measured in Volts (V) Also called “Voltage” Depends on a comparison of the energy carried by e- at different points Measured w/ a voltmeter

  16. Current the flow of e- through a wire or any conductor measured in Amperes (A) Depends on the # of e- passing a point in a given time Measured w/ an Ammeter Voltmeter Ammeter resistor

  17. Resistance The tendency for a material to resist the flow of e- Measured in Ohms ( : omega) Two things affect the amount of resistance in a conductor...

  18. Resistance 1. Type of material materials such as tungsten (filament in light bulbs) are very resistant to e- flow higher resistance changes electrical energy into thermal energy & light

  19. Resistance 2. Size of conductor • Thin wires have higher resistance • Thick wires have low • Short wires have less resistance • Long wires have more

  20. Ohm’s Law Potential difference = current x resistance V = I x R V=Voltage [V] I = Current [A] R=Resistance [] V I R

  21. Ohm’s Law R=160 I=15A V=? V=120V R=3 I=?

  22. Name the symbol Motor Name the symbol Battery Unit for current Amps Very large discharge of static electricity Lighting Device with measures potential difference voltmeter Star Questions

  23. Electrical Circuits Current has only one path it can travel along No current flows if path is open Current stays the same in series circuit for the circuit & across each resistor

  24. Electrical Circuits-SERIES If looking for Resistance for circuit use Req=R1+R2+R3+… (eq = Equivalent Resistance) If looking for voltage (p.d.)of circuit use V=IReq If looking for voltageacross each resistor use V1=IR1 V2=IR2 V3=IR3 V4=IR4, etc. for however many resistors you have

  25. Electrical Circuits-SERIES • If looking for currentof circuit use I=V/Req • If looking for currentacross each resistor use I=V/Req Current stays the same in series circuit for the circuit & across each resistor

  26. Electrical Circuits-series A 9V battery is connected to four resistors: 2 , 4 , 5  , and 7 . Find the a) Equivalent Resistance b) Current in the circuit

  27. Electrical Circuits-series A 9V battery is connected to four resistors: 2 , 4 , 5  , and 7 . Find the c) Voltage in each resistor

  28. Electrical Circuits-series A 9V battery is connected to four resistors: 2 , 4 , 5  , and 7 . Find the d) Current in each resistor

  29. =6.75 A. Req B. V circuit C. Veach resistor D. I circuit E. I each resistor 12V 15.3= =21.6

  30. Star Questions • Tungsten, the filament in light bulbs, is (very resistant/not resistant) to e- flow? • Very resistant • Higher resistance changes electrical energy into (thermal energy/chemical energy) and light • Thermal energy • What property is the same no matter where in the circuit it is measured? • Current • What property changes depending on where in the circuit it is measured? • voltage

  31. Electrical Circuits-parallel Contains separate branches for current to move through More current flows through the paths of lowest resistance

  32. Potential difference (Voltage) stays the same in parallel circuits across each resistor & for the circuit • Current continues to flow through other branches if one branch is open Electrical Circuits

  33. Electrical Circuits-PARALLEL If looking for Resistance for circuit, use Inverse, add, (equal) inverse 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 Req R1 R2 R3 … If looking for currentof circuituse I=V/Req If looking for the current in each resistor I1=V I2=V R1 R2…

  34. Electrical Circuits-PARALLEL • If looking for voltageof circuituse, look it is usually given to you or use V=IR • If looking for voltageacross each resistor Potential difference (Voltage) stays the same in parallel circuits across each resistor & for the circuit

  35. Electrical Circuits-parallel A 9V battery is connected to four resistors: 2 , 4 , 5  , and 7 . Find the a) Equivalent Resistance

  36. Electrical Circuits-parallel A 9V battery is connected to four resistors: 2 , 4 , 5  , and 7 . Find the b) Current in the circuit

  37. Electrical Circuits-parallel • A 9V battery is connected to four resistors: 2 , 4 , 5  , and 7 . Find the c) Current in each resistor

  38. Electrical Circuits-parallel • A 9V battery is connected to four resistors: 2 , 4 , 5  , and 7 . Find the d) Voltage in each resistor

  39. A. Req B. I circuit C. I each resistor D. V circuit E. V each resistor 120 24V =41 =8

  40. Star Questions • Thin wires have a (higher/lower) resistance thank thick wires • higher • Find the Req of a series circuit with 2 , 4 , 6 ? • 12  • Find the Req of a Parallel circuit with 2 , 4 , 6 ? • 1.09  • What property is the same no matter where in the Parallel circuit it is measured? • voltage • What property changes depending on where in the Parallel circuit it is measured? • current

  41. Electrical Power • the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy • Measured in Watts (W) (or kW) • Power=current x voltage • P = I x V • [W] = [A] x [V]

  42. Electrical Power An air conditioner used 1800W of power. The voltage source is 120V. How much current is flowing through the air conditioner?

  43. A radio requires 0.25A of current when operated on a 120V source. How much power is used by the radio?

  44. Electrical Energy The amount you use depends on the power required by appliances & how long they are used. Energy=Power x time E = P x t [kWh] = [kW] x [h] Most common unit is the kilowatt-hour, but other acceptable combinations are okay: Ws (Watts-second)

  45. Electrical Energy The reading on an electric meter was 2345 kWh for Jan and one month later it was 3456 kWh. How much electrical energy was used for the month of Feb?

  46. How much would the electric bill for the month of Feb be if the electricity cost $0.10 per kilowatt-hour?

  47. Electrical Energy A Blow Dryer is rated at 2,600 watts by the manufacturer. This is how much electric power it uses when it operates. If the Blow Dryer is operated for a total of 5 hours each month (10-15 min/day M-F), the Blow Dryer consumes 2,600 watts x 7 hours = 18,200 watt-hours. Since "Utility Rates" are based on kilowatt-hours, divide by 1,000 to get 18.2 kilowatt-hours.

  48. This shows how power consumption and operating time are important in determining energy use. If Progress Energy charges 20 cents/kWh. How much are spending on your blow dryer each month? $3.64 Electrical Energy

More Related