The Periodic Table

1. The Periodic Table

2. The Periodic Table

3. The Table in General • Columns • Called groups • Elements in a group have similar chemical and physical properties • As you go from top to bottom elements get larger • Atoms get larger in size • All of the elements in each group have the same number of valence electrons.

4. Smallest Element #1 Largest Element #114

5. The Table in General • Rows: (Periods) • First elements very reactive solids • Last element non reactive gas • Get less reactive as you move from left to right • Reactive-bonding with other elements • Elements become less metallic left to right • The period tells you the number of orbitals.

6. The Table in General • Families: • Cluster of elements on the periodic table • Determined by their chemical properties

7. Rows: (Periods) More Reactive More Metallic Less Reactive Less Metallic

8. Color all these elements one color and add it to your key One electron in the valence shell (outermost energy level) Soft, less dense metals Most reactive of all metals React violently with water to form bases Never found free (alone) in nature Found in soap, salt, baking soda 1. Alkali Metals

9. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

10. 2. Alkaline Earth Metals • Color all these elements one color and add it to your key • Two electrons in the valence shell • Harder, higher melting point and more dense than Alkali Metals • Also highly reactive • Never found free in nature

11. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals ___________ Alkaline Earth ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

12. 3 – 12 Transition Elements • Color all these elements one color and add it to your key • One or two valence electrons • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Higher melting point than either of the first two families • Some are hard and brittle • Combine with oxygen to form oxides • Form brightly colored compounds

13. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals ___________ Alkaline Earth ___________ Transition ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

14. Rare Earth Elements • Color all these elements one color label their names and add it to your key • 1st row Lanthanide Series: • Soft, malleable, high luster, great conductors, used to make alloys (mixed with other elements to gain more desirable properties than the element alone) • All elements have very similar properties

15. Rare Earth Elements • Color all these elements one color label their names and add it to your key • 2nd row Actinide Series: All but three are synthetic (man made) • All are radioactive • Best known are Uranium and Plutonium which are used as nuclear fuels

16. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals ___________ Alkaline Earth ___________ Transition ___________ Rare Earth ___________ ___________ ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 La 7 Ac Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

17. 3 Periodic Table Questions • What are rows called? • What are columns called? • List 2 of the 4 families discussed yesterday

18. 13 Boron Family • Color all these elements one color and add it to your key • Three electrons in the valence shell • Aluminum is the most abundant metal in earth’s crust

19. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals ___________ Alkaline Earth ___________ Transition ___________ Rare Earth ___________ Boron Family ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

20. 14 Carbon Family • Color all these elements one color and add it to your key • Four electrons in the valence shell • Forms organic compounds (contains carbon) • Tin resists oxidation and corrosion • Oxidation means to combine with oxygen • Corrosion means destruction by chemical reaction • Lead is very dense and poisonous

21. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth ___________ Transition ___________ Rare Earth ___________ Boron Family ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

22. 15 Nitrogen Family • Color all these elements one color and add it to your key • 5 electrons in the outer shell • Nitrogen : Most abundant element in Earth’s atmosphere • Phosphorus: Match tips • Arsenic: rat poison

23. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth Nitrogen Transition ___________ Rare Earth ___________ Boron Family ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

24. 16 Oxygen Family • Color all these elements one color and add it to your key • 6 valence electrons • Oxygen: Very reactive, combines with most other elements, supports burning • Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium: brittle, make variety of compounds

25. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth Nitrogen Transition Oxygen Rare Earth ___________ Boron Family ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

26. 17 Halogen Family • Color all these elements one color and add it to your key • Seven electrons in the valence shell • Name comes from two Greek words, Halo Gens, this means- Salt Producing. • Most chemically reactive non-metals • Never found free, alone, in nature • As gases, form diatomic (2 atoms in a molecule) elements ex: F2, Cl2 • Combine with Alkali metals to form salts ex: NaCl= table salt

27. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth Nitrogen Transition Oxygen Rare Earth Halogen Boron Family ___________ 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

28. 18 Noble Gases • Color all these elements one color and add it to your key • Full Valence (outer electron) shell, He 2 electrons the rest 8 electrons • Do not combine with other elements under normal circumstances • He- balloons, Ne- signs, Ar- fill in windows, Xe- photographic lamps, Rn- Treats cancer

29. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth Nitrogen Transition Oxygen Rare Earth Halogen Boron Family Noble Gases 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

30. Hydrogen- All alone • Color this element one color and add it to your key • One valence electron • Properties are not like any other group • Highly reactive- easily undergoes a chemical reaction • Highly combustible- capable of igniting or burning • Colorless, odorless gas at room temperature

31. Periodic Table of the Elements 1- New designation IA- Original designation Alkali Metals Carbon Alkaline Earth Nitrogen Transition Oxygen Rare Earth Halogen Boron Family Noble Gases 18 VIIIA 1 2 IIA 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 2 3 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 VIIIB 10 11 IB 12 IIB 4 5 6 7 Rare Earth Elements Lanthanide Series Actinide Series

32. Three Categories • Metals • Non-Metals • Metalloids

33. Properties of a Metal • Physical • superior electric and thermal conductivity • high luster • High density • Malleable- ability to be deformed under stress without cleaving (breaking) • Alkali & Alkaline Earth metals are extremely reactive, low density, hardness, and melting points

34. Properties of a Metal • Chemical • Form positively charged ions • Metals can be easily oxidized. Oxidation is informally known as the process of corrosion • Metals can react with acid • Some metals, like sodium or calcium will react with water to make a base

35. Metalloids: Draw the step ladder & identify the metalloids (use spots) • Draw in the step ladder and mark the Metalloids.

36. Definition of a Metalloid • Found in the area between the metals and the nonmetals on the Periodic Table • Sometimes called semi-metals and have characteristics that are similar to both metals and nonmetals.

37. Non-Metal: Identify the non-metals (use stripes) • Mark the Non-Metals

38. Properties of a Non-Metal • Physical • low electrical conductivity • brittle when solid • Most are solid and gas (Bromine is a liquid) • dull • Do not conduct heat end electricity well • lower melting points and boiling points than metals • Chemical • Form negatively charged ions

39. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines _________________________ • Horizontal rows________________________ • Elements on the zigzag are __________________ • Elements in the top right are _________________ • 1 valence electron reactive family______________ • 2 valence electron reactive family______________ • 3-12 families______________________________ • Elements that form salts_____________________ • Elements that do not react___________________ • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ • Element that is all alone _________________

40. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows________________________ • Elements on the zigzag are __________________ • Elements in the top right are _________________ • 1 valence electron reactive family______________ • 2 valence electron reactive family______________ • 3-12 families______________________________ • Elements that form salts_____________________ • Elements that do not react___________________ • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ • Element that is all alone _________________

41. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows Periods • Elements on the zigzag are __________________ • Elements in the top right are _________________ • 1 valence electron reactive family______________ • 2 valence electron reactive family______________ • 3-12 families______________________________ • Elements that form salts_____________________ • Elements that do not react___________________ • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ • Element that is all alone _________________

42. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows Periods • Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids • Elements in the top right are _________________ • 1 valence electron reactive family______________ • 2 valence electron reactive family______________ • 3-12 families______________________________ • Elements that form salts_____________________ • Elements that do not react___________________ • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ • Element that is all alone _________________

43. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows Periods • Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids • Elements in the top right are Nonmetals • 1 valence electron reactive family______________ • 2 valence electron reactive family______________ • 3-12 families______________________________ • Elements that form salts_____________________ • Elements that do not react___________________ • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ • Element that is all alone _________________

44. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows Periods • Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids • Elements in the top right are Nonmetals • 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali • 2 valence electron reactive family______________ • 3-12 families______________________________ • Elements that form salts_____________________ • Elements that do not react___________________ • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ • Element that is all alone _________________

45. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows Periods • Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids • Elements in the top right are Nonmetals • 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali • 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth • 3-12 families______________________________ • Elements that form salts_____________________ • Elements that do not react___________________ • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ • Element that is all alone _________________

46. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows Periods • Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids • Elements in the top right are Nonmetals • 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali • 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth • 3-12 families Transition • Elements that form salts __________________ • Elements that do not react___________________ • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ • Element that is all alone _________________

47. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows Periods • Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids • Elements in the top right are Nonmetals • 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali • 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth • 3-12 families Transition • Elements that form salts Halogens • Elements that do not react___________________ • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ • Element that is all alone _________________

48. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows Periods • Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids • Elements in the top right are Nonmetals • 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali • 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth • 3-12 families Transition • Elements that form salts Halogens • Elements that do not react Noble Gases • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table _______________________ • Element that is all alone _________________

49. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows Periods • Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids • Elements in the top right are Nonmetals • 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali • 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth • 3-12 families Transition • Elements that form salts Halogens • Elements that do not react Noble Gases • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table Rare Earth Elements • Element that is all alone _________________

50. Family Ties Review • Vertical lines Groups • Horizontal rows Periods • Elements on the zigzag are Metalloids • Elements in the top right are Nonmetals • 1 valence electron reactive family Alkali • 2 valence electron reactive family Alkaline Earth • 3-12 families Transition • Elements that form salts Halogens • Elements that do not react Noble Gases • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic Table Rare Earth Elements • Element that is all alone Hydrogen