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FIRST AID

FIRST AID. Welcome Defibrillator Course. Fire Precautions. Fire Precautions :- If continuous alarm sounds leave the building by the nearest exit Report to the tutor at the assembly point. INTRODUCTION. Tea / coffee facilities Toilets No smoking First aid / fire

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FIRST AID

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  1. FIRST AID Welcome Defibrillator Course

  2. Fire Precautions • Fire Precautions :- • If continuous alarm sounds • leave the building by the nearest exit • Report to the tutor at the assembly point

  3. INTRODUCTION • Tea / coffee facilities • Toilets • No smoking • First aid / fire • Mobile phone / pagers • Trainee introductions • Please ask questions at any time

  4. FIRST AID - DEFINITION • First Aid is the initial assistance or treatment given to a casualty for any injury or sudden illness before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor, or other qualified person.

  5. AIMS OF FIRST AID • To preserve life • To limit the effects of the condition • To promote recovery

  6. Responsibilities of a First Aider • Assess a situation quickly and safely • Identify the injury or illness affecting a casualty • Administer early, appropriate and adequate treatment • Arrange for removal of casualty to hospital • Remain with casualty until handed to care of appropriate person • To make and pass on a report

  7. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Assess the situation • Make the area safe • Assess all casualties and give emergency aid • Get help

  8. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY • Assess the situation • Take in what has happened quickly and calmly • Look for dangers to yourself and the casualty • NEVER put yourself at risk

  9. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY 2. Make the area safe • Protect the casualty from any further danger • Do not try to do too much yourself

  10. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY 3. Assess all casualties and give emergency aid • With more than one casualty follow the principles in DRABC to decide treatment priorities

  11. ACTION IN AN EMERGENCY 4. Get help • Quickly ensure that any necessary specialist help has been summoned and is on its way

  12. EMERGENCY PRIORITIES • A – AIRWAY • B – BREATHING • C – CIRCULATION • SEVERE BLEEDING • SHOCK CONDITION as they are all life threatening

  13. ASSESSING THE CASUALTY Danger Are you or the casualty in any danger? Response Is the casualty conscious? Shout Shout for help? Airway Is the airway open and clear? Breathing Is the casualty breathing? Circulation Is there a pulse?

  14. ACT ON YOUR FINDINGS 1. Dial 999 for an ambulance 2. Start artificial ventilation and chest compression Unconscious, no pulse or breathing Unconscious, no breathing, pulse present 1. Give 10 breaths of artificial ventilation 2. Dial 999 for an ambulance. 3. Continue artificial ventilation. Unconscious, breathing and pulse present 1. Treat any life threatening injury. 2. Place the casualty in the recovery position. 3. Get help Conscious, breathing and pulse present 1. Treat as appropriate. 2. Get help if necessary.

  15. GOLDEN RULE DON’T MOVE THEM UNLESS • They are in danger • Need to be resuscitated • Are unconscious and need to be put into recovery position

  16. ABC OF RESUSCITATION Head tilt and chin lift takes the tongue off the back of the throat A is for Airway Do not turn or tilt back the head if you suspect an injury to the neck

  17. ABC OF RESUSCITATION B is for Breathing Look, Listen and Feel for any signs of breathing for up to 10 seconds before deciding breathing is absent.

  18. ABC OF RESUSCITATION B is for Breathing Reluctance to perform mouth to mouth can inhibit rescuers from attempting any resuscitation – depsite there being no evidence that the rescuer is at risk. In such circumstance the Resusciation Council encourage chest compressions alone in the circumstances

  19. ABC OF RESUSCITATION C is for Circulation Check for breathing, coughing or any movement. If the heart has stopped chest compressions can be combined with artificial ventilation

  20. HEAD-TO-TOE EXAMINATION • Examine people in a systematic, gentle but businesslike way. • Head – Neck – Chest – Abdomen – Lower Back – Pelvis – Arms & Legs Note: Anyone with a suspected spinal injury must be kept as still as possible

  21. RECOVERY POSITION For casualties who are unconscious but breathing Prevents tongue from blocking the throat Allow liquids to drain from the mouth Head, neck and back are in a straight line Bent limbs keep body stable

  22. We all hear and know the importance of a healthy lifestyle.We hear: GOOD ADVICE …. • Don’t Smoke • Reduce Your Stress Level • Eat Right • Exercise

  23. Sometimes we find ourselves in a situation that reminds us: • We Should Learn CPR • We Should Know First Aid • We Should Learn to Swim

  24. More often, we assume: • Nothing bad will ever happen... • If it does, it won’t happen to us, a loved one, or someone we know…. • If it does, it won’t be that bad…. • If it is bad, someone else will take care of it….

  25. Especially in a country like ours, where there is a strong ambulance service and 999 system, it is easy to say that we can just call 999 and the emergency services will arrive soon and take care of the emergency.

  26. Particularly in the case of a cardiac problem, the time between the emergency occurring and the arrival of an ambulance can literally mean the life or death of your family member or co-worker

  27. Each minute that passes when someone is in cardiac arrest is equal to 10% of their chance of survival.

  28. Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is a leading cause of death among adults in the U.K. It is a sudden and life threatening onset of a chaotic or unproductive heart rhythm. The time and mode of death is sudden and unexpected. Death occurs immediately or shortly after the onset of symptoms.

  29. Most commonly a victim in cardiac arrest is in a rhythm known as ventricular fibrillation. The heart is unable to pump life sustaining blood and oxygen to the vital organs of the body, like the brain.

  30. In the past, lay persons could only perform CPR.

  31. And although CPR is important, its purpose is to manually circulate blood and oxygen through the body, not fix an electric problem. Manual circulation only accomplishes about 10-30% of the normal cardiac output. And therefore CPR rarely enables the heart to “re-start.”

  32. What is needed, is a lifesaving electrical shock from a defibrillator, known as Defibrillation.

  33. The current target set for the ambulance service in the UK is to respond to 90% of calls within 14 minutes. Since each minute is equal to 10% of the victim’s chance of survival, the odds are that even with CPR started immediately, the victim will not survive.

  34. “Reducing ambulance response time to 5 minutes could almost double survival rates for heart attacks.Faster 999 response 'cuts heart deaths‘”Source BBC

  35. SURVIVAL RATES FOR CARDIAC ARREST – OUTSIDE HOSPITAL Researchers, in Glasgow (reporting in the BMJ) looked at survival rates for patients who had suffered a cardiac arrest.They looked at 10,000 cardiac arrests - that did not occur in hospital : • 6% survived • Found to be a strong link between the • ambulance response times, administering electric • shocks to restart the heart and survival rates.

  36. SURVIVAL RATES • Using models, researchers looked at how swifter response times would affect survival rates. Results • If the target time was cut from 14 to 8 minutes, survival rates could be increased to 8%. • But they found that if ambulances responded to 90% calls within five minutes, about 11% of cardiac arrest victims would survive

  37. "The first thing you need if you have had a heart attack is somebody with a defibrillator, but that does not necessarily need to be a paramedic." Professor Stuart Cobbe, Glasgow University

  38. WHAT % CARDIAC ARRESTS? e.g the 500,000 calls the Scottish Ambulance Service receives each year, around 2,000 are for cardiac arrests.

  39. IF: • You could access a victim within the first few minutes • CPR is started immediately • You could have a defibrillator available to deliver an electric shock within those first few minutes

  40. Then: • Your casualty has a30-70%chance of surviving

  41. The OLD Problem: • It used to be that to read and interpret the victim’s heart rhythm, you had to be a paramedic or physician • Defibrillators were large, and heavy • Defibrillators were very expensive • Defibrillators were only available when trained rescuers got to the scene

  42. The Solution: Now, with advances in technology and new laws, there are machines calledAutomated External Defibrillators or AED’s.

  43. ANOTHER OPINION … • “Over 150,000 people die from cardiac arrests in the UK each year. The majority might be saved if only their heart could be defibrillated (shocked back into rhythm) within five minutes. An Automated External Defibrillator - with a trained operator - at the site of a sudden cardiac arrest can raise the chance of survival from 5% to 80%” St. John Ambulance

  44. AED’s are: • Portable • Light weight • Durable • Cost effective And…take a minimal amount of training and time to learn how to use.

  45. AED’s are machines that automatically read and interpret a victim’s heart’s rhythm and determine whether or not that victim is in need of defibrillation. These machines were made to be used by a lay person, and placed in public facilities, workplaces, golf courses, shopping malls, airplanes - anywhere that the public might be.

  46. We have what is called a “Chain of Survival”

  47. In theChain of Survival, there are 4 things necessary for a victim to survive a cardiac event: • Early Access to emergency care through 999 • Early CPR to provide blood and oxygen to the brain and vital organs • Early defibrillation to return the heart’s normal rhythm • Early ACLS to stabilize and transport the victim

  48. We encourage all of you here to: • Do everything possible to ensure your community is safe • Learn CPR • Support the need for AED’s in your workplace, the shopping mall, supermarket, the golf course…. • Get involved and be a part of the solution

  49. DISORDERS OF CIRCULATION • The First Aider should: • Position the casualty to improve the blood supply to vital organs (care when dealing with heart disorders) • Take additional measures to improve the circulation breathing • Reassure casualty – panic will put extra strain on the heart • Obtain appropriate medical assistance

  50. Angina Pectoris Heart Attack Heart Failure All possibly leading to Cardiac Arrest Heart Disorders

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