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Classical Conclusions : Comparisons, Declines, & New Directions

Classical Conclusions : Comparisons, Declines, & New Directions. Chapter 5 Pg. 98-117. Expansion & Integration. Political, territorial, & social integration China: centralization, common language India: Hinduism Mediterranean: weaker integration = more complete fall?. Decline in China.

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Classical Conclusions : Comparisons, Declines, & New Directions

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  1. Classical Conclusions:Comparisons, Declines, & New Directions Chapter 5 Pg. 98-117

  2. Expansion & Integration • Political, territorial, & social integration • China: centralization, common language • India: Hinduism • Mediterranean: weaker integration = more complete fall?

  3. Decline in China • Characteristics of decline: • Nomadic invasions • Reduced intellectual creativity • Reduced government control • Overburdened peasants • Epidemics • Postclassical preview: • Buddhism spreads, Daoism popularized • Sui & Tang dynasties revive civilization

  4. Decline in India • Characteristics of decline: • Least drastic due to vigor of trade & Hinduism • Loss of central control • Nomadic invasions • Postclassical preview: • Arab armies in NW India • Hinduism popularized • Scientific & economic vigor decline

  5. 1 of 2 Decline in Rome • Characteristics of decline: • Most drastic due to lack of commonalities • Weak emperors • Epidemics • Cultural decay • Nomadic invasion • Exceptions: • Diocletian • Constantine

  6. 2 of 2 Decline in Rome • Postclassical preview: • East= continues as Byzantium, culturally strong • N. Af= power vacuum • West= chaos, farmers offer land & labor to landlords for protection

  7. New Religious Map • End of classical period: rise & spread of many major religions • Invasions • Epidemics • Trade • World religions begin displacing polytheistic & animistic faiths

  8. Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism • Buddhism spread to East & SE Asia while becoming increasingly: • Led by monks • Emotionally spiritual • Artistic • Organized • Based on prayer & ritual • Hinduism & Daoism gained popularity

  9. Spread of Buddhism Spread of Christianity • By 325 CE • By 600 CE

  10. 1 of 2 Christianity, Islam • Christianity= beliefs & worship of Jesus • 1 supreme God: trinity • Spiritual dedication over worldly concerns • Afterlife through belief, good deeds, rituals • Equality of all believers • Intolerance of other beliefs

  11. 2 of 2 Christianity, Islam • Spread due to disciples, organization, & historical context • Modeled Rome’s imperial government • Organized Bible & missionaries • Infrastructure made travel easy • Significantly altered European culture • Islam rises soon in postclassical era

  12. Global Connections • Civ’s must face reviving institutions • Societies must react to new religions • Civilization continued to spread to new societies • International contacts accelerated in the wake of classical decline

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