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A New Tool for Historians of Science: Citations and Co-Citations in Scientific Correspondences

A New Tool for Historians of Science: Citations and Co-Citations in Scientific Correspondences. Yves Gingras Canada Research Chair History and Sociology of Science. Correspondance de Mersenne. Périod = 1617-1648 Correspondents = 88 Letters = 1880 Citations = 3481

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A New Tool for Historians of Science: Citations and Co-Citations in Scientific Correspondences

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  1. A New Tool for Historians of Science: Citations and Co-Citations in Scientific Correspondences Yves Gingras Canada Research Chair History and Sociology of Science

  2. Correspondance de Mersenne • Périod = 1617-1648 • Correspondents = 88 • Letters = 1880 • Citations = 3481 • Co-citations = 5827

  3. Distribution géographique des correspondants de Mersenne

  4. Ucinet Matrix of co-citations in Mersenne

  5. Co-citation network in Mersenne(1617-1648)

  6. Co-citation network in Mersenne (1617-1631) (20 most cited authors ( Norm ≥ 0,2) Norm = N cocit (a,b) (cit a * cit b)½

  7. Co-citation network in Mersenne (1632-1636) (20 most cited authors ( Norm ≥ 0,2) Norm = N cocit (a,b) (cit a * cit b)½

  8. Co-citation network in Mersenne (1637-1641) (20 most cited authors ( Norm ≥ 0,2) Norm = N cocit (a,b) (cit a * cit b)½

  9. Co-citation network in Mersenne (1642-1648)(20 most cited authors ( Norm ≥ 0,2) Norm = N cocit (a,b) (cit a * cit b)½

  10. Changing centrality of actors in Mersenne’s correspondence

  11. Oldenburg Correspondence • Périod = 1641-1677 • correspondents = 145 • letters = 3296 • citations = 6842 • co-citations = 15783

  12. Co-citation Network in Oldenburg (1656-1677)

  13. Co-citation Network in Oldenburg(1656-1677) (n>24 co-citations)

  14. Co-citation Network in Oldenburg (1656-1677) (n> 39 co-citations)

  15. Co-citation Network in Oldenburg(1654-1667)(20 most cited authors (Norm ≥ 0,2)) Norm = N cocit (a,b) (cit a * cit b)½

  16. Co-citation Network in Oldenburg(1668-1670)(20 most cited authors (Norm ≥ 0,2)) Norm = N cocit (a,b) (cit a * cit b)½

  17. Co-citation Network in Oldenburg (1671-1673)(20 most cited authors (Norm ≥ 0,2)) Norm = N cocit (a,b) (cit a * cit b)½

  18. Co-citation Network in Oldenburg (1674-1677)(20 most cited authors (Norm ≥ 0,2)) Norm = N cocit (a,b) (cit a * cit b)½

  19. Changing Centrality inOldenburg

  20. Correspondance de Darwin • Périod = 1821-1867 • correspondents = 3804 • Letters = 5918 • Citations = 18697 • Co-citations = 71198

  21. Darwin’s correspondents (1821-31)

  22. Darwin’s correspondents (1832-36)

  23. Darwin’s correspondents (1832-36)

  24. Darwin’s correspondents (1837-48)

  25. Darwin’s correspondents (1837-47)

  26. Darwin’s correspondents (1848-58)

  27. Darwin’s correspondents (1848-58)

  28. Darwin’s correspondents (1859-67)

  29. Darwin’s correspondents (1859-67)

  30. Darwin’s correspondents (1859-67)

  31. Annual number of letters and cited persons in Darwin’s correspondence

  32. Average number of of persons cited per letter in Darwin’s correspondence

  33. Most cited authors in Darwin’s correspondence

  34. 5 most cited persons in Darwin’s correspondence(excluding familly)

  35. 10 most cited persons in Darwin’s correspondence (excluding familly)

  36. 10 most cited persons in Darwin’s correspondence Scientists in red Family in blue

  37. Co-citations network in Darwin (n>7)1821-1867 FAMILLE SCIENTIFIQUES

  38. Réseau de co-citations dans Darwin (35 co-cit et plus)

  39. Co-citation network (1821-31)(n>3)

  40. Co-citation network (1832-36)(n>3)

  41. Co-citation network (1837-47)(n>3)

  42. Co-citation network (1848-58)(n>3)

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