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Holocaust

Holocaust. Greek origin: sacrifice by fire :was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime. Crematorium @ Dachau.

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Holocaust

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  1. Holocaust Greek origin: sacrifice by fire :was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime Crematorium @ Dachau

  2. SS:Schutzstaffel (Protective Squadron), or SS, was a large paramilitary organization that belonged to the Nazi party. The SS was led by Heinrich Himmler from 1929 until it was disbanded in 1945 with the defeat of Germany in World War II. • Gestapo: State Secret Police • Einsatzgruppen: Mobil killing squads

  3. Who’s Who • Heinrich Himmer: He organized the identification and transportation of people to the various concentration camps. Therefore, he is often referred to as the 'Chief Executioner' of the Third Reich. • Hermann Goering: Founder of the Gestapo • Joseph Goebbels: Minister of Propaganda • Adolph Eichmann: He organized the identification and transportation of people to the various concentration camps. Therefore, he is often referred to as the 'Chief Executioner' of the Third Reich. Himmler at Dachua

  4. Targets • In addition to European Jews… • Nazis also targeted other groups because of their perceived "racial inferiority": *Roma (Gypsies), *the handicapped, and *some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others). *Other groups were persecuted on political and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and homosexuals.

  5. Anti-Semetic Propaganda:Protocols of the Elders of Zion • One of the most notorious works of anti-semetic propaganda in modern times • Claims a secret conspiracy by Jews to take over the world

  6. With the Nazi rise to power in 1933, the party ordered anti-Jewish boycotts, staged book burnings, and enacted anti-Jewish legislation. • In 1935, the Nuremberg Laws defined Jews by blood and ordered the total separation of "Aryans" and "non-Aryans." • On November 9, 1938, the Nazis destroyed synagogues and the shop windows of Jewish-owned stores throughout Germany and Austria (Kristallnacht). This event marked a transition to the era of destruction, in which, within the framework of World War II, genocide would become the singular focus of Nazi antisemitism.  

  7. The Ghetto’s • During WWII hundreds of thousands of Jews were held in over 400 ghetto’s in Eastern European countries occupied by Nazi Germany • Few survived Entrance gate to the Riga ghetto (Latvia). 1941-1943

  8. From Deadly Medicine • From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany's government led by Adolf Hitler promoted a nationalism that combined territorial expansion with claims of biological superiority—an "Aryan master race"—and virulent antisemitism. • Driven by a racist ideology legitimized by German scientists, the Nazis attempted to eliminate all of Europe's Jews, ultimately killing six million in the Holocaust. • Many others also became victims of persecution and murder in the Nazis' campaign to cleanse German society of individuals viewed as threats to the "health" of the nation.

  9. Nazi Motherhood The Nazi regime awarded a bronze “Honor Cross of German Motherhood” to “fit” Germanic (“Aryan”) women who had four or five children, silver for six or seven, and gold for eight or more. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum/

  10. In contrast…Jewish Children • "I HAD BEEN SEPARATED FROM MY MOTHER SO LONG THAT MOTHER DIDN’T MEAN ANYTHING TO ME."— Renee Fritz, Jewish child hidden in Belgium…"It's impossible for people to understand how hard it is to just leave your home, your parents, and know that you most likely never see your parents again. Leave everything that was everything to you, just behind, just close the door behind you.” "THEY ARE LISTENING FOR US. ... THE DOG SNIFFS AND SNIFFS AND EVEN STICKS ITS HEAD INTO OUR TENT. ... WE LIVE THROUGH HOURS OF TERROR."— Otto Wolf, September 10, 1942

  11. Deportation Deportation from the Westerbork transit camp. The Netherlands, 1943-1944 Most of these Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz- Birkenau in May 1944 were killed soon after their arrival in gas chambers disguised as showers. Yad Vashem, Jerusalem

  12. Killing Centers • Belzec • Sobibor • Treblinka *lgst of the centers • Chelmno • Majdanek • Auschwitz-Birkenau *also a concentration camp. More than 1 million killed at this site

  13. Liberation Slave laborers @ Buchenwald Three Ebensee surviviors, too weak to eat solid food, suck on sugar cubes to give them strength. Photo credit: Dr. Robert G. Waite Collection, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives A mass grave soon after camp liberation. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, May 1945

  14. AFTERMATH… • The Nuremberg trials, 1945-49 Defendant’s are on the far right.

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