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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. The ancient Greeks developed a complex society, with remarkable achievements in the arts, sciences, and government. . The Land/History of Greece. Greece is mountainous which made it hard for early settlers to travel by land

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece The ancient Greeks developed a complex society, with remarkable achievements in the arts, sciences, and government.

  2. The Land/History of Greece • Greece is mountainous which made it hard for early settlers to travel by land • The “Greek Peninsula” is part of the Balkan Peninsula • The rocky land contains poor soil and few large trees • Olives are grapes are the most important crops grown in this area • Water is the greatest natural resource in Greece • The Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea are all close to Greece.

  3. The Greek Peninsula is surrounded by water on three sides • The Greeks depended on water for trade, fishing and sailing. Olive tree and a map showing Greece

  4. Government of Ancient Greece • City-states began to develop as the Greek population grew • City-state: An area/state that has its own language, religion, military, religion and way of life • A city-state contained a polis • Polis: Central city • City-states could either be oligarchies, democracies or some were ruled by a tyrant • Democracy means “rule by the people”

  5. Athens • The city-state of Athens is one of the largest and most important city-states • Democratic form of government • The citizens of Athens voted and debated • Only free men whose fathers had been citizens of Athens were able to vote • Women, slaves and foreign residents could not vote or take part in government

  6. Sparta • Had the best military around. They lost few battles in their time. Best soldiers in the world. • All citizens were trained in physical aspects because they admired strong bodies • Boys were sent at age 7 to become Spartan Soldiers • Oligarchy • Located in the southernmost part of Greece so it was an important trading center

  7. Proud to be Greek! • Sparta and Athens were not the only city-states…their were many more. The Corinth, Persia, Troy, Macedon and Argive. • Though they were different…they were all proud of their heritage. They were proud to be Greek & they were proud of their Greek backgrounds. • Greeks all spoke the same language, believed in the same Gods and had a common heritage.

  8. Words to know: • Oligarchy: rule by a small elite group • Democracy: rule by the people • Tyranny (tyrant): one harsh or cruel leader • Myth: traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some being or hero or event. Trys to explain some aspect of the world.

  9. Learning and the Arts • The Greeks made remarkable achievements in literature, learning and architecture. • The Greeks wrote myths, poems and plays to honor their gods and goddesses. • Some famous playwrights of this time were: Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. • Playwrights in this time focused on writing tragedies and comedies.

  10. Philosophy • A philosopher is a person who studies and thinks about why the world is the way it is. • Two important philosophers from ancient Greece were Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates was a teacher to Plato. • Aristotle taught Alexander the Great.

  11. Sophocles on the left and Plato on the right

  12. Alexander the Great • Excellent military leader whose armies were able to conquer many places. • As Alexander the Great began conquering in Greece, the Greek culture, language and ideas spread all over Europe. People as far as India were starting to live like the Greeks. • Alexander died at age 33 to an unknown cause. Some say he may have been poisoned. • When he died the areas that he conquered were divided up along the generals in his army.

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