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Physics 681: Solar Physics and Instrumentation – Lecture 2

Physics 681: Solar Physics and Instrumentation – Lecture 2. Carsten Denker NJIT Physics Department Center for Solar–Terrestrial Research. Virial Theorem. Kepler’s 3 rd Law. Kepler’s 3 rd Law (cont.).

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Physics 681: Solar Physics and Instrumentation – Lecture 2

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  1. Physics 681: Solar Physics and Instrumentation – Lecture 2 Carsten Denker NJIT Physics Department Center for Solar–Terrestrial Research

  2. Virial Theorem Kepler’s 3rd Law Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  3. Kepler’s 3rd Law (cont.) Virial Theorem:For gravitationally bound systems in equilibrium, it can be shown that the total energy is always one-half of the time averaged potential energy. Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  4. http://www.physics.sjsu.edu/tomley/Planck.html Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  5. Mass (kg) 1.99e+30 Mass (Earth = 1) 332,830 Equatorial radius (km) 695,000 Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 108.97 Mean density (gm/cm3) 1.410 Rotational period (days) 25-36 Escape velocity (km/sec) 618.02 Luminosity (ergs/sec) 3.827e33 Magnitude -26.8 Mean surface temperature 6,000°C Age (billion years) 4.5 • Principal chemistry • Hydrogen • Helium • Oxygen • Carbon • Nitrogen • Neon • Iron • Silicon • Magnesium • All others 92.1%7.8%0.061%0.030%0.0084%0.0076%0.0037%0.0031%0.0024%0.0030% Sun – Overview Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  6. Parameters • Astronomical unit [AU]: A = 149,597,870 ± 2 km (perihelion in January: 1.471 × 1011 m; aphelion in July: 1.521 × 1011 m) • Travel time: τA = 499.004782 ± 0.000006 s • Velocity of light: c = 299,792,458 m s–1 • Constant of gravitation: (6.67259 ± 0.00085) × 10–11 m3 kg–1 s–2 • Mass of the Sun: m = (1.9889 ± 0.0003) × 1030 kg • Radius: r = (6.960 ± 0.001) × 108 m • Mean density: ρ = 1.408 g cm–3 • Gravitational acceleration: g = 274 m s–2 • Solar constant: S = 1367 ± 3 W m–2 • Luminosity: L = (3.844 ± 0.010) × 1026 W • Magnitude: M = 4.74 (absolute) and m = –26.74 (apparent) • Effective temperature: Teff = 5778 ± 3 K Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  7. Electromagnetic Spectrum Group Problem: List a few solar phenomena that you know! Where in the solar spectrum would you try to observe these solar phenomena? Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  8. Solar Spectrum http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0600.html http://www.spacewx.com/solar_spectrum.html Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  9. Planck Function (http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/PlanckLaw.html) • Wavelength form: • Frequency form: • Wien displacement law: • Rayleigh-Jeans law: • Wien law: • Stefan-Boltzman law: Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

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