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Linked Open Data in the Humanities

Linked Open Data in the Humanities. An Open and Shut Case? Elton Barker & Leif Isaksen Twitter: @pelagiosproject. 4 July, 2012 | DHOXSS, Oxford. Origins | The Hestia Project.

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Linked Open Data in the Humanities

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  1. Linked Open Data in the Humanities An Open and Shut Case? Elton Barker & Leif Isaksen Twitter: @pelagiosproject 4 July, 2012 | DHOXSS, Oxford

  2. Origins| The Hestia Project ‘going through in detail towns of men both small and great alike: for of the places that were once great, most have now become small, while those that were great in my time were small before’ (ὁμοίως σμικρὰ καὶ μεγάλα ἄστεα ἀνθρώπων ἐπεξιών· τὰ γὰρ τὸ πάλαι μεγάλα ἦν, τὰ πολλὰ σμικρὰ αὐτῶν γέγονε· τὰ δὲ ἐπ᾿ ἐμεῦ ἦν μεγάλα, πρότερον ἦν σμικρά, Herodotus 1.5)

  3. The Digital Text| Repurposing Perseus

  4. Web technologies | Google Earth

  5. Web technologies | The Narrative Timeline

  6. Scaling up| The Google Ancient Places project

  7. GapVis | The Reading View

  8. GapVis | The Snapshot

  9. GapVis | The Place View

  10. Pelagios| Linking data, openly Inscriptions Texts MuseumObjects Connecting Ancient World Research Resources through the Places they refer to ArchaeologicalSites …or any other online resource that bears a relation to a particular ancient place! ArchaeologicalFinds 10

  11. Digital Semantics| Two Visions The‘Semantic Web’ ‘Linked Open Data’

  12. Digital Semantics| Ups and Downs Source: Google Trends

  13. Digital Semantics| Ups and Downs Source: Google Trends

  14. Digital Semantics| The 4 Linked Data Rules • Use URIs as names for things • Use HTTP URIs so people can look them up • Provide information as RDF • Link to other URIs

  15. Digital Semantics| MSKR vs. Linked Open Data

  16. Digital Semantics| References vs. Properties Ot yesa eeennsct isht dear snit Isht eeennsct snit yesa ot dear To easy sentence this read isn’t This sentence isn’t easy to read

  17. The glue | Pleiades Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs)

  18. Using Pleiades| Don’t Unify the Model – Annotate! pleiades:570685 (Sparta) pleiades:579885 (Athenae) 18

  19. Pleiades Pelagios Ancient World Resources

  20. One ring to rule them all| What Pelagios is NOT about • Data aggregation • Federated search • Standardization of data representation • Schema alignment & interoperability on a metadata level Connectivity throughcommonreferencesratherthancommonproperties 20

  21. The Partners| The growing Pelagios Community • The Open University • University of Southampton • Austrian Institute of Technology • Pleiades • Arachne • CLAROS • Fasti Online • GAP • nomisma.org • Open Context • Perseus Digital Library • Ptolemy Machine • SPQR • Ure Museum AND the British Museum, Inscriptions of Israel / Palestine, Papyri.info, Ports Antiques, ORACC, Regnum Francorum… 21

  22. Why is this Useful? | Three easy wins • Context – obtain links to online datathat may be relevant to your own • Discovery – users can find your data by following links on other partners’sites • Reuse – the Pelagios API providesmachine-readable representations(JSON, RDF) to enable mashupsand other forms of 3rd party re-use 22

  23. Pelagios API in the Wild | Open Context A free, open access resource for the electronic publication of primary field research from archaeology and related disciplines http://opencontext.org Result pages for Pleiades places show small sidebar boxes with references from the Pelagios API 23

  24. Pelagios API in the Wild | awld.js A JavaScript library for Ancient World Linked Data, developed by Nick Rabinowitz and Sebastian Heath, awld.js adds functionality and visual elements based on links to stable URIs. http://isawnyu.github.com/awld-js/ Pop-ups for Pleiades places link to Pelagios references 24

  25. Pelagios API Tools | Widgets Pop-up elements you can embed on your own Web pages to display data from the Pelagios partners http://pelagios.github.com/pelagios-widgets/ 25

  26. Pelagios API Tools | Graph Explorer Exploring Relations betweenPlacesthrough Data Exploring Relations betweenData through Place 26

  27. Pelagios API Tools | Mapping Annotations (Heat maps) 27

  28. Joining up | Three steps to heaven • Make your data available over the Web with stable URIs • Map your place references to the Pleiades Gazetteer of the Ancient World1 • Publishplace references as RDF • Pelagios considers place references to be “annotations” on your data – use theOpen Annotation2 RDF vocabulary • Use Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets (VoID)3 for dataset metadata Warning: that‘s the tough part! Remember: thisisseparate fromyourdata! 1http://pleiades.stoa.org/ 2http://www.openannotation.org/spec/beta/ 3http://www.w3.org/TR/void/ 28

  29. Challenges| Issues identified so far… • No two datasets are the same (and we’re only collecting place references…) • RDF dumps – 1 dumpfile vs. 1.000s of dumpfiles vs. SPARQL • How to labelappropriately? (references, data containing the reference) • Dataset partitions –no subsets vs. 8.000 subsets & multiple levels of hierarchy • Dataset versioning? • Typing– how to express the kind of relation between data and place • Find spot vs. origin, “depicts”, etc. • Uncertain references (probably made in…, from the vicinity of…) • Granularity & vague references (South Italy, Greek Islands) • Pelagios has been taking an (extreme?) “Keep it Simple”approach • “We should grow the Web of Data, not build it” 29

  30. Possibilities| Scholarly linking 30

  31. Conferre| To bring together “Classicists have always been concerned with ‘parallels’ – with what goes after the magic word ‘cf.’... What has not been clear with the traditional citation of parallel passages is what the point of the activity is, how the parallels affect the interpretation of the text.” Don Fowler, “On the Shoulders of Giants,” in Roman Constructions (Oxford, 2000) 116 31

  32. http://pelagios-project.blogspot.com http://pelagios.dme.ait.ac.at/api http://pelagios.github.com - for the Pelagios “cookbook” Thanks to the HESTIA, GAPand Pelagiospartnerships 32

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