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Finishing up your paper…

Finishing up your paper…. Setting up your bibliography. Why bother?. Documenting your sources adds authority and credibility to your work. Gives credit to your sources. Allows further research. Teachers like it! SO JUST DO IT!. First things first ….

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Finishing up your paper…

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  1. Finishing up your paper… Setting up your bibliography

  2. Why bother? • Documenting your sources adds authority and credibility to your work. • Gives credit to your sources. • Allows further research. • Teachers like it! SO JUST DO IT!

  3. First things first… • Ooops! When you take notes from any information source you should alwaysrecord the required bibliographic data i.e. information for your bibliography,beforemoving onto the next source.

  4. Looking, looking… • You’ll find the information you need to make your bibliography on the title page… you know… it’s that page inside the cover, the one with the title on it! Some information will also be on the back or verso of this page.

  5. Rules, rules, and more rules! • Bibliographies are set out in a special way and there are strict rules for this. In this school, we use the APAorAmerican Psychological Association 'conventions' or layout.

  6. Don’t forget… • It should be on a separate page. • Title it References. • Don’t number references but arrange them in alphabetical orderby the author’s surname. The title should be in italicsand precise punctuation is very important. If you have 2 books by the same author, put the one that was published first, first.

  7. Book, one author • Author’s Surname, First (and middle initial if Known), (Year published).Complete title in italics with only first and proper names capitalised (edition) City of publication: Publisher Name leaving out "Publishers," "Co." or "Inc." • Bradley, M. Z.(1996).Ecology. London: Macmillan.

  8. Book, with up to 6 authors • Follow the same rules as before. List up to 6 authors, using , and &. • Kerns, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T.(1993). Our living world. Paris: Publique.

  9. Book with more than 6 authors • The Latin phrase et al means “and others.” • Harris, M., Harper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., Denison, R., Cruz, P., et al.(2001).Nature in film. Hollywood, California: Doubleday.

  10. Periodicals • Author’s Surname, First (and middle initial if Known). (Date) Complete title with only first and proper names capitalised.Magazine Title in italics. Date: paging. Medium. Database name. File identifier or number. • Sletto, B. (1998, September). An Alluring Course for Trinidad's Wetlands.Americas,p. 6. Retrieved from Literary Reference Center database.

  11. Encyclopaedia • Author’s name, if given. Surname, First and middle initial (if Known),(Year published).Complete title in italics. Location of publisher: Name of publisher. • Franklin, Malcolm R.(1999). Benjamin. In The World BookEncyclopedia. • "France." Compton's Encyclopedia. 1998.

  12. Here’s what it should look like so far… Bradley, M. Z. (1996). Ecology. London: Macmillan. Harris, M., Harper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., Denison, R., Cruz, P., et al. (2001). Nature in film. Hollywood, California: Doubleday. Kerns, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). Our living world. Paris: Publique. Sletto, B. (1998, September). An Alluring Course for Trinidad's Wetlands. Americas, p. 6. Retrieved from Literary Reference Center database.

  13. Brochures and Pamphlets Treat them like books but identify them in brackets as a brochure. • Ladoo, Ken.(1996).Coral reefs of Tobago[Brochure]. POS: Institute of Marine Affairs.

  14. Internet • Direct readers as closely as possible to the information being cited; whenever possible, reference specific documents rather than home or menu pages. • Provide addresses that work. Check it out! • Document title or description, a date (either the date of publication or update or the date of retrieval), and an address (in Internet terms, a uniform resource locator, or URL). Whenever possible, identify the authors of a document as well.

  15. For example… • National Environmental policy(1998)Retrieved July 6 2006 from http://www.ema.co.tt/

  16. Snail mail, E-mail • You should not put Personal communications, such as e-mail messages to you, or private interviews that you exchanged with another person, in your reference list because they are not retrievable sources for anyone else. You may make reference to these sources in your in-text citations.

  17. Finishing up… • ALPHABETISEthe entire list of your resources • Title the bibliography pageREFERENCES. • Double space the list. Single space between punctuation, double space after colon. • Indent the second line & every line following of each source cited (five spaces or use tab key).

  18. Great job! • Now sit back and watch every one be completely amazed by your professional work.

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