Env & Society Today’s Offerings

1. Env & Society Today’s Offerings General Essay Feedback (marked forms available at lecture end) Review of UK SD political context Case Study – UK Upland Management Research – Rural Economy & Land Use (RELU) studies For Monday – full course review & exam guidance

2. Essay Feedback / Advice! • A good range of marks from 35 (failing) to 75 (First class) - Mean, = 58.4 (s.d. = 6.5); includes 6 Firsts! • Introduction needs to include statement of essay aim that links to the specific Q set • Structure needed to match the focus of the Q - too many were all I know about …. Or all I can paste about … • Your analysis of secondary material (usually at end of a paragraph) is ESSENTIAL to show understanding & flow of argument in essay IN YOUR OWN WORDS!! • Need to use academic journal sources NOT just web / wikepedia etc. • Must accept complexity of issue & avoid simplistic views • Referencing was poor in text & (in most cases) would need to improve to avoid loss of marks on future coursework

3. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands Adapting to future change in the Peak District • UK Sustainable Development Strategy and links to research agendas / local level management initiatives • A Practical Example of Applied Interdisciplinary Research Project focused on Sustainable Land Management in UK See – www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

4. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands UK Sustainable Development Policy and Research • Set of 3 lectures (previous 2 & this 1) designed to offer an overview of challenges in applying UK Sustainable Development policy at a local / institutional level & guide you on how research can better inform this process • UK Government published latest ‘Sustainable Development Strategy’ in March 2005, together with a joint publication (with Scottish Exec, Welsh Assembly & N.I. Office) ‘One Future – different paths: the UK’s shared framework for sustainable development’

5. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands UK Sustainable Development Policy – Guiding Principles

6. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands UK Sustainable Development Policy – Shared Priorities • Sustainable Consumption & Production – “more with less” • Climate Change & Energy – “set a good example” • Natural Resource Protection & Environmental Enhancement – “need a better understanding and a more integrated policy framework” • Sustainable Communities – “give communities more power and say in the decisions that affect them” • See - http://www.sustainable-development.gov.uk/index.htm

7. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands UK SD Policy – Natural Resource Protection & Env Enhancement

8. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands UK SD Policy – What’s Behind the Rhetoric? • Policy statements include excellent words, but policies and practice need much greater monitoring. • One way to achieve this is by the use of Sustainable Development Indicators (68 identified by UK Govt) • Needs local level projects and case-study based research (such as we provide here!?)

9. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands Our Case Study Example – Peak District National Park • What problems / SD issues do you associate with Peak District National Park / upland Britain? • Environmental – • Social – • Economic -

10. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands Adapting to future change in the Peak District • One year Scoping Study Overview • The next stage – 3 year follow on project funded – aims • Moving ‘Collaborative Learning’ Process forward Andy Dougill & Mark Reed (together with 10 others from Leeds, Sheffield and Durham Universities AND support of Moors for the Future in Castleton) A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

11. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands Adapting to future change in the Peak District • Research Councils UK & DEFRA / SEERAD co-sponsored a £20 million research programme on ‘Rural Economy and Land Use’ (RELU) – www.relu.ac.uk • Interdisciplinary research is being funded 2004-2009 in order to inform future policy and practice with choice on how to manage the UK countryside and rural economies • Themes include – sustainable food chains, animal and plant diseases & people and the rural environment

12. Sustainable Uplands Sustainable Upland Management For Multiple Benefits A joint Research Councils Scoping Study co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD Managing Uncertainty in Dynamic Socio-Environmental Systems: Andy Dougill With: Mark Reed, Klaus Hubacek, Tim Burt, Pippa Chapman, Evan Fraser, Joseph Holden, Mike Kirkby, Christina Prell, Jan Sendzimir, Laura Shotbolt, Sigrid Stagl, Lindsay Stringer, Andy Turner, FredWorrall An Application to UK Uplands www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

13. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands Case Study Background • Uplands provide a range of goods and services… A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

14. A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

15. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Drinking water A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

16. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Biodiversity A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

17. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Carbon A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

18. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Education A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

19. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Recreation A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

20. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Hunting A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

21. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Farming A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

22. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands Upland Challenges • But Britain’s uplands environment is subject to change… A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

23. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Historic pollution A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

24. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Current land use A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

25. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Burning regulations A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

26. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Common Agriculture Policy reform A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

27. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Water Framework Directive implementation A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

28. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Kyoto Protocol A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

29. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • Cultural, social and demographic change A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

30. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands Study Aims • Goal: to help people better anticipate, monitor and adapt to rural change in UK uplands • Visions for a sustainable future from multiple users • Barriers, uncertainties, driving forces re: environmental, economic and social change • Adaptive responses to rural change scenarios in uplands A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

31. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands Case Study Aims • Goal: To develop tools and methods for stakeholder involvement • by including stakeholders at the outset • And throughout the process • Including evaluation and analyses A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

32. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands Study Aims • Two-way learning and meaningful interaction between: • different stakeholder groups • social and natural scientists • stakeholders and researchers A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD

33. Research Needs (2 of 2) • Adaptation to CAP reform? • Knowledge integration for WFD Programmes of Measures? • Carbon storage? • Can integration of knowledge sources reduce stakeholder conflict and identify innovative adaptations that could not be developed by any group alone? www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

34. Scenarios & Indicators

35. i) Context & Goals (1 of 3) . • Focus Group with local NGOs and key stakeholders www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

36. i) Context & Goals (2 of 3) . • Scoping interviews (triangulate stakeholder categories and goals) • Narrower focus • Contribute to DEFRA’s Heather & Grass Burning Code revision www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

37. i) Context & Goals (3 of 3) . • Preliminary conceptual model of system + www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

38. ii) Scenarios & indicators (1 of 4) • Semi-structured interviews: visions, drivers, indicators • Grounded Theory Analysis www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

39. ii) Scenarios & indicators (2 of 4) • Combine preliminary conceptual model with: • Results from GT analysis of semi-structured interviews • Literature review (Shotbolt et al. in prep.; Stringer et al. 2006) www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

40. ii) Scenarios & indicators (2 of 4) • Triangulate conceptual model with stakeholders (Work in progress)

41. Increased Animal Rights Activism Shooting ban Less shooting days or disrupted shoots Cultural Change Scenario Ia Changes in attitudes towards shooting

42. Less economic returns Less moorlands managed for grouse Less game keeping Fewer and smaller managed burns Cultural Change Scenario Ib Less shooting days or disrupted shoots See Conservation Scenario Ib “less burned areas”

43. (If hydrology restored) Less short heather More long heather Increased heather Increased fire-intolerant species More birds of prey Less ground nesting birds Decreased grass Less grouse Uncertain effect on biodiversity Less shooting Increased biodiversity Go to cultural change scenario Ib “Less economic returns” On Dry Heath (or if hydrology not restored) On Blanket Bog Conservation Scenario Ib See next slide Less burned areas

44. More scrub More broad leafed forest More accidental Fires More attractive landscape Less vegetation Less “flashy” hydrology More erosion Less attractive landscape More water colour/pollution Conservation Scenario Ic Less burned areas On Dry Heath (or if hydrology not restored)

45. ii) Scenarios & indicators (4 of 4) • Storyboards presented at focus groups • Evaluate & short-list indicators from interviews & literature • Used in models • Used by stakeholders • Scenario’s to vote on in Edale Moorland Centre Tress B, Tress G (2003) Scenario visualisation for participatory landscape planning: a study from Denmark, Landscape and Urban Planning 64: 161–178 www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

46. iii) Adaptive responses • Focus groups: evaluate and short-list scenarios • Management responses to scenarios • Integrated modelling of management responses & indicators • Feedback outputs to focus groups and refine • Short-list most appropriate options www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

47. iv) Learning Process (1 of 3) . • Every step of this research is designed to promote learning between: i) different stakeholders; ii) researchers from different disciplines; iii) researchers & stakeholders www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

48. iv) Learning Process (2 of 3) . Farming Grouse • Initial analysis suggests a number of powerful, respected and influential individuals have less extreme views: foci for mediation and diffusion of ideas/attitudes? Conservation/ Water www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands

49. iv) Learning Process (3 of 3) . • Testing: Social Network Analysis • Effect of focus group interactions on social networks? • Who are the central actors? • Who do people trust, share views with, work with? • Are there groups that are particularly isolated or poorly connected?

50. www.env.leeds.ac.uk/sustainableuplands • What did we learn? • We know the cliques and powerful individuals • Help us in deciding who should be in our future focus group • Even though burning is a contentious issue there is common ground on wider issues A joint Research Councils Research Project co-sponsored by DEFRA & SEERAD