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Searching for New Physics in CP Violation

Flavour Physics I. Searching for New Physics in CP Violation. September 22, FAPPS 2008 @ Les Houches. Child Eating Giant (LHC/ILC?). the (un) Heavenly Things. e. v. v. Higgs Castle. c l o u d s. http://pbjc-lib.state.ar.us/mural.htm. Down to Earth. Flavour/TeV ≅ Loops.

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Searching for New Physics in CP Violation

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  1. Flavour Physics I Searching for New Physics in CP Violation September 22, FAPPS2008 @ Les Houches

  2. Child Eating Giant (LHC/ILC?) the(un)Heavenly Things e. v. v. Higgs Castle c l o u d s http://pbjc-lib.state.ar.us/mural.htm Down to Earth Flavour/TeV ≅ Loops

  3. Strategy and Apologies • Experiment Perspective • Pertinent to BSM • Physics (vs Expt’l detail — not always most up-to-date) • [TH tooooo diverse • Shorter-term impact (LHC almost on) and not too tricky ... • “Traditional” on BSM topics • Cannot cite all TH work, • but unabashedly promote own pheno work

  4. Outline Lecture I Lecture II b  s 0 Past as Intro —What if ? sin2FBd & DmBd, top and Vtd;CP Violation Primer; B Factory I CPV in b  s w/ Boxes and Penguins DS; DAKp;sin2FBs; ACP(B+  J/yK+) II H+ Probe: b  sg;B (D(*))tn III Electroweak Penguin:AFB(B K*ℓℓ);B K(*)nn IV RH Currents and Scalar Interactions TCPV in B X0g;Bs  mmIII’ Bottomonium V D/K: Box and EWP Redux —D0 mixing;Rare K VI t: LFV and (B-L)V t  ℓg, ℓℓℓ’; [t  Lp, pp0] VII Conclusion [Addendum Very Heavy Flavor (Single) top; t’; b’ (?) etc.]

  5. Lecture I Outline 0 Past as Intro What if ?DmBd, top and Vtd I CP Violation Preliminaries II CP Violation Primer III B Factories and TCPV in B → J/yKS IV CPV inb  sStrong and EW Penguins DS; DAKp;ACP(B+ J/yK+) V CPV inb  sBox sin2FBs; VI The Big Issue — Source of CPV for BAU VII Conclusion

  6. 0. Past as Intro

  7. What If ? sin2b/f1 history (1999-2005) b/f1=-argVtd Observation claimed R. Cahn -- SSI-2006

  8. What if argVtd ~ 0? Babar Physics Book (Definite BSM !) Would have heard More about it.

  9. t CPV Phase Nondecoupling— lt~ 1 DmBd, top and Vtd b/f1=-argVtd “Higgs Affinity” top, a v.e.v. scale quark, “discovered” 20 years ago (ARGUS) DmBd Loops

  10. ~ “Higgs Affinity” 2 x W propagator DmBd, top and Vtd b/f1=-argVtd CPV Phase sin2b/f1 Loops

  11. I. CP Violation Preliminaries

  12. (1966) CPV & BAU (& U): The Sakharov View • Baryon Number V iolation • CP Violation(“Direction”) • Nonequilibrium (“Direction”) 10-9 Matter left! Bang Us Pair Annihilation (  Cosmic Microwave Background ) Equal Matter -Antimatter

  13. Sakharov Stimulated by ... Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 138 (1964) Discovery of CP Violation

  14. i in Quantum Mechanics Schrödinger Eq. proton/neutron Diffusion Eq., except for i electron photon Waves:Particle-Waves Everything is Wave Phenomena, but also “corpuscular” (Newton not wrong) Waves Interfere: Add in Amplitude Even for Particle, or High Energy Physics

  15. i in Dynamics: CPV & BAU (everyone can feel ElectroMagnetism: Charge e is Real. “We” Understand: Gauge Charge is Real. Imagine a Complex Coupling : True, or, Possible, for Yukawa (湯川) Coupling of quarks/leptons to Higgs boson(s)... Quantum InterferenceinAmplitudeMore Interesting How CP Violation Appears

  16. II. CP Violation Primer

  17. CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase CP Violation Primer AntiParticle Process Particle Process

  18. Complex Dynamics VCKM 3x3 “Rotation” Unitary Need presence of all 3 generations to exhibit CPV in Standard Model

  19. CPV Phase Most Intuitive: “Direct” CPVin B → Kp DCPV Interference Penguin Tree N.B. Would need also CP Conserving Phase Differenced

  20. Loop

  21. B0 M12 B0 t-dep. CPV Primer CPV in Mixing-Decay Interference B A M12 Ā A: Decay Amplitude B M12 : Mixing Amplitude CP conserv. B0 B0Oscillations: eiDmt Interference of Two Types of Phases

  22. CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase CP Violation Primer AntiParticle Process Particle Process d2 =Dmt TCPV:

  23. III. B Factories and TCPV in B → J/yKS

  24. CPV in B0→ B0Mixing V*2 td No CPV in B → J/yKSDecay Carter-Sanda; Bigi-Sanda J/y Vcb B0 KS  J/y V* Vtb td B0 B0 KS Vtb V* sin2b/f1 td M12

  25. BaBar Belle Differ only in PID DIRC vs Aerogel Cherenkov + ToF The Two B Factories Mt. Tsukuba PEP-II KEKB Tag Flavor

  26. KEKB Accelerator 8GeV electron 3.5GeV positron KEKB Collider B el le 美(人)

  27. Belle B0 or B0 The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B→J/yKS B decays in ~ picosecond One B Decay Tag Flavor Other B Decay CP Eigenstate Measure Both Decay Vertex J/yKS, p+p-, h’KS, fKS, KSp0 2001 ! Focus Since Dz Dt

  28. Belle Detector ACC (PID) Aerogel Cherenkov Counter n=1.015~1.030 SC Solenoid 1.5T 3.5 GeVe+ ECL CsI(Tl) 16X0 TOF 8 GeVe- CDC Central Drift Chamber small cell +He/C2H6 KLM m/KL detection 14/15 lyr. RPC+Fe SVD Si Vertex Detector 3(4) lyr. DSSD

  29. b  d transitions consistent with SM Our Main Theme What about b  s transitions ?

  30. IV. CPV in b  s Strong and EW Penguins The Current Frontier tm Echoes

  31. Belle B0 or B0 The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B→J/yKS B decays in ~ picosecond One B Decay Tag Flavor Other B Decay CP Eigenstate Measure Both Decay Vertex J/yKS, p+p-, h’KS, fKS, KSp0 2001 ! Dz Dt

  32. SM (KM) Prediction SfKS= sin2f1 b Possible SUSY FCNC/CPV Loop Can Break Equality b  sPenguins (Vertex Loops) Real ~ J/yKS(Tree)

  33. Smaller than bgccs in almost all modes Theory Expect sin2f1 > sin2f1 s-penguin cc(bar)s DS = Ssqq- Sccs< 0 “Problem” Need Super B Factory to Resolve ! Naïve average of all b g s modes sin2beff = 0.56 ± 0.05 2.1s deviation (was 2.6)btwn b g sqq and b g ccs New Physics !? Even deviation of ~ few deg indicate NP Need More Data ! Sinha, Misra, WSH, PRL 97, 131802 (2006)

  34. Belle B0 or B0 The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B→J/yKS B decays in ~ picosecond One B Decay Tag Flavor Other B Decay CP Eigenstate Measure Both Decay Vertex J/yKS, p+p-, h’KS, fKS, KSp0 2001 ! Lack of Vertex, or too many g’s for LHCb Dz Dt

  35. Belle Nature’08 paper Acp on B → Kp DAKp Problem Experiment is Firm Belle +0.007 Acp = -0.107±0.018 -0.093±0.018±0.008 -0.086±0.023±0.009 -0.004 Direct CPV established in B system (2004) !  World Average including CLEO: Acp(K+p-) = -0.097±0.012  Acp(K+p0) = +0.050±0.025  DA(Kp) = 0.147 ± 0.027 @5s  Need to explain the deviation. Hadronic effect or new physics?  A(K0p0) = -0.12±0.11; S(K0p0) = +0.33±0.21  Super B factory! P. Chang 0707.2980 [hep-ex] A(K0p0) = -0.24 ± 0.15 ± 0.03, S(K0p0) = 0.40 ± 0.23 ± 0.03 6

  36. +0.0500.025 -0.0970.012 ? A lot of (hadronic) finesse d p0 _ d b s B- K- u u World = +0.1470.028> 5s Experiment is Firm Difference is Large! DAKp~ 0 expected Why aPuzzle ? Large C ? Large EWPenguin? Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007) Need NP CPV Phase PEW has practically no weak phase in SM t, ?

  37. My first B paper dimensions nondecoupling

  38. +0.0500.025 -0.0970.012 ? A lot of (hadronic) finesse d p0 _ d b s B- K- u u World = +0.1470.028> 5s Experiment is Firm DAKp~ 0 expected Why aPuzzle ? Large C ? Large EWPenguin? Baek, London, PLB653, 249 (2007) Need NP CPV Phase PEW has practically no weak phase in SM t, ? t, t’ 4th Gen. in EWP Natural nondecoupling

  39. DmBs • DGBs In Search ofNew Physics b  sCPVPhenomena Is Current NP Frontier • Sfinb sqq • AK+p--AK+p0 Puzzle Two Hints TCPV (?) Mixing-dep. DCPV Direct sin2FBs CPV ? SM-like cos2FBs

  40. V. CPV in b  s Box sin2FBs The Current Frontier tm Echoes

  41. 3 fb-1 ⇨ > 4 fb-1

  42. FBs≡-argVts ~ -0.02 SM b/f1=-argVtd⇨FBd ~0.37 measured 2006 e.g. PRL 97, 242003 (2006) ms = 17.770.10(stat)0.07(sys) ps-1 Window on BSM CPV ? ~ real a bit “smallish”, if take nominal fBs

  43. CDF/DØ: 8 fb-1 projected • s(sin2FBs) ~ 0.2 (?)/exp • similar • LHCb : 0.5 fb-1 (2008 ?) • s(sin2FBs) ~ 0.04 • ATLAS : 2.5 fb-1 (2008 ?) • s(sin2FBs) ~ 0.16 • CMS ? FBsProspect (short term) Bs J/ analogous toBdJ/KS VVVertex& Angular Resolved Analysis to disentangle CP +/- components Nakada @ fLHC 3/07

  44. (?) LHC Physics Run Starts 2008 Forward Design

  45. LHCb : 0.5 fb-1 (2008 ?) • s(sin2FBs) ≃ 0.04 • ATLAS : 2.5 fb-1 (2008 ?) • s(sin2FBs) ≃ 0.16 • CMS ? $ Tevatron could get lucky ifsin2FBslargeNew Physics ! FBsProspect (short term) Bs J/ analogous toBdJ/KS VV Angular & Vertex Resolved Analysis to disentangle CP +/- components • CDF/DØ: 8 fb-1 projected • s(sin2FBs) ≃ 0.2 (?)/exp • similar €LHCb the winner if ~ SM sin2FBs ~ -0.04in SM But 2009 looks interesting ! Could Tevatron run beyond 2008 ? Nakada @ fLHC 3/07

  46. LHCb : 0.5 fb-1 (2008 ?) • s(sin2FBs) ≃ 0.04 • ATLAS : 2.5 fb-1 (2008 ?) • s(sin2FBs) ≃ 0.16 • CMS ? $ Tevatron could get lucky ifsin2FBslargeNew Physics ! FBsProspect (short term) Bs J/ analogous toBdJ/KS VV Angular & Vertex Resolved Analysis to disentangle CP +/- components • CDF/DØ: 8 fb-1 projected • s(sin2FBs) ≃ 0.2 (?)/exp • similar €LHCb the winner if ~ SM sin2FBs ~ -0.04in SM But 2009 looks interesting ! Could Tevatron run beyond 2009 ? Nakada @ fLHC 3/07

  47. d _ d p0 • DmBs • DGBs t,t’? b s B- K- u u In Search ofNew Physics b  sCPVPhenomena Is Current NP Frontier Can sin2FBs belarge? • Sfinb sqq • AK+p--AK+p0 Puzzle Two Hints TCPV Mixing-dep. DCPV Direct EWPenguin WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05 t’ non decoupled WSH, Nagashima, Soddu PRD76, 016004 (2007) Boxes CPV ? sin2FBs ~ -0.5–-0.7 SM-like in SM4

  48. LHCb : 0.5 fb-1 (2008 ?) • s(sin2FBs) ≃ 0.04 • ATLAS : 2.5 fb-1 (2008 ?) • s(sin2FBs) ≃ 0.16 • CMS ? $ Tevatron could get lucky ifsin2FBslargeNew Physics ! FBsProspect (short term) Bs J/ analogous toBdJ/KS VV Angular & Vertex Resolved Analysis to disentangle CP +/- components • CDF/DØ: 8 fb-1 projected • s(sin2FBs) ≃ 0.2 (?)/exp • similar €LHCb the winner if ~ SM sin2FBs ~ -0.04in SM But 2009 looks interesting ! Could Tevatron run beyond 2009 ? Nakada @ fLHC 3/07

  49. Large CPV in Bs Mixing Added 4/2008 WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 SM (high) rsb DAKp, DS CDF2srange Can Large CPV in Bs Mixing Be Measured @ Tevatron ? Sign Predicted ! Sure thing by LHCb ca. 2009+ sin2FBs ~ -0.5 --0.7 ? Despite DmBs, B(bsll) SM-like WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05

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