Vocabulary

1. Vocabulary • Imperialism- Political and economic control by a strong country over a weak country. • White Man’s Burden- European’s belief that it was the white’s job to civilize backward people. • Social Darwinism - The belief that Europeans were superior above all others b/c they were the “fittest” according to the theory of evolution. • Ethnocentrism- Belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group. • Berlin Conference- Meeting of European leaders that decided the imperialistic fate of Africa.

2. imperialism

3. Warm Up • What do you think the saying “The sun never sets on the British Empire” means?

4. Forces Driving of Imperialism • Economic Causes • New markets to sell manufactured goods and to buy cheap raw materials. • Political/Military Causes • Nationalism; prestige of a global empire • Bases for merchant/naval ships • Lack of unity among African nations. • Social Causes • Social Darwinism • Spread Christianity • Technology • Medical knowledge, vaccines to African diseases. • New weapons & advances in oversees travel

5. Berlin Conference-1884 • European nations divided the continent. • No African rulers were represented. • Colony • Protectorate • Sphere of Influence • In just 10 years after the conference Europeans controlled 96% of Africa!

6. The British Crown Jewel—India • India had an abundance of raw materials, cheap labor, and a huge market. • Competed with French • 7 yrs War=French & Indian War • English controlled all of India by mid 1800’s • Raw materials included: • Tea, coffee, cotton, & opium • Sepoy Rebellion • Native troops serving the British revolt • Britain puts down rebellion and becomes more oppressive

7. Negative impacts • The conversion to cash crops reduced food production and hurt Indian economy. • Positive impacts • Modernized India with improved medicine, railroads, telegraph and irrigation systems.

8. Europe Invades the Pacific • Raw materials: • Sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, rubber, coconuts, bananas, and pineapple. • The Dutch gain control of Indonesia (Dutch East Indies) in 1602. • The British took Singapore which soon turned into one of the world’s busiest ports. • The French took over control of Vietnam • Began exporting rice.

9. British in Australia • Australia is established as a penal colony. • A colony where prisoners are forced to serve their sentences. • Britain encourages free citizens to immigrate to Australia by offering them cheap land. • People began making money off the gold industry.

10. China and the West • China reluctantly opens 1 port for European trade. • Britain trades Opium for tea. • Britain defeats China in the Opium War • Taiping Rebellion • Peasants rise up against Qing Dynasty and foreigners • Qing, French and British troops crush the Taiping rebels • 20 Million die

11. Foreign Influence Grows • Other countries were aware of China’s continuing problems. • Took the advantage and attacked China. • These countries were able to take control of China’s economy. • Spheres of influence • Americans worried that they would be shut out of China. • To prevent this,the U.S. declared the Open Door Policy. • Proposed that China’s “doors” be open to merchants of all nations.

12. Japan Ends Isolation • Japan had shut itself off from almost all contact with other nations.  • Westerners tried to convince the Japanese to open their ports to trade. • Great White Fleet • U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry, took steam powered ships to Japan. • The Japanese began allowing Westerners trading ports. • They also began to modernize their country. • Meiji Restoration • 1868, Shogun leadership is overthrown due to it’s weak stance against foreign influence • Replaced with an Emperor, Meiji

13. Imperial Japan • As Japan grew in economic, political and military power, their sense of nationalism and need of raw materials also grew. • Sino-Japanese War • Japan takes the Chinese providence of Manchuria. • Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) • Forced Russia to withdraw from Manchuria and Korea. • Japan annexed Korea and ruled the country harshly.

14. Effects of Imperialism • Short Term Effects • Large number of Asians and Africans came under foreign rule. • Local economies became dependent on industrialized powers. • Imperialists destroyed traditions • Famines occurred in lands where farmers grew export crops for imperialist nations in place of food for local use.

15. Long Term Effects • Western culture continued to influence much of the world. • Transportation, education, & medical care improved. • Resistance to imperial rule evolved into nationalist movements. • Many economies became based on a single cash crops.

16. Effects on Europe and the World • West discovered new foods, crops & other products. • Competition for empires created and increased conflict between imperial powers. • These conflicts will lead to WAR!

17. Closing/Reflection • What were the causes for European Imperialism? • What was the Berlin Conference? • What are some positive and negative impacts of imperialism? • Why was Australia known as a “Penal” Colony? • What was the Opium War? • What was the Meiji Restoration? • How is Japan unique compared to other imperialized nations?

18. Classwork • Pretend that you are a Chinese official who is writing a letter to Queen Victoria of England. In your letter, ask the British to stop importing opium into China. • Be sure to describe the negative effects of opium on the Chinese.