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Chapter 17

Chapter 17. World War I and The Russian Revolution, 1914-1918. Page 1A: Introduction.

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Chapter 17

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  1. Chapter 17 World War I and The Russian Revolution, 1914-1918

  2. Page 1A: Introduction • In this chapter, you will learn about WWI, a conflict that began in Europe but which also eventually involved the U.S. New military technologies made this war more destructive than all previous conflicts in history. The violence of the war toppled conservative monarchies in Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Turkey. At the Paris Peace Conference, the victorious allies encouraged the creation of new nation-states in E. Europe. In Russia, Bolshevik revolutionaries led by Vladimir Lenin established the world’s first Communist state.

  3. Page 1B: Important Ideas • Imperialism, nationalism, militarism, and the alliance systemprepared the way 4 outbreak of WWI • Imperialism: Europe’s Great Powers competed over colonies, markets & military power • Militarism: Britain & Germany competed 2 have best navy. Russia, Germany, France competed 4 strongest army on continent. Political leaders adopted militaristic values & depended on military leaders. Military leaders came 2 believe it was better 2 attack 1st than 2 wait 2 be attacked. Germany feared encirclement by France and Russia.

  4. Page 1C: Important Ideas • Nationalism: Nationalist movements among Slavic peoples in multi-ethnic Austria-Hungary threatened 2 break the empire apart • Alliances: Europe divided into 2 competing alliance systems: 1) Germany and 2) France, Russia and Britain. Once one member became involved in a war, the alliance system threatened 2 escalate war to involve all members. • The “July Crisis”: The assassination of Archduke of Austria-Hungary Franz Ferdinand by Slav nationalist and ”Black Hand” member Gavrilo Princip of Serbia. Set off a chain reaction.

  5. Page 1D: Important Ideas • Austrian leaders blamed Serbia. When Austria invaded Serbia, Russia entered the war to protect Serbia. Germany next entered war because of its alliance with Austria-Hungary. Britain and France finally entered the war because of their alliance with Russia. • New weapons, like machine guns, airplanes, submarines, and poison gas made WWI the most destructive and deadliest war up to that time • Woodrow Wilson and other allied leaders negotiated the peace during the Paris Peace Conference. The Treaty of Versailles treated Germany harshly. The treaty also created a League of Nations and several new countries.

  6. Page 1E: Important Ideas • Despite some changes, Russia was still an autocratic society with deep social divisions. Russia was unprepared for the war. Shortages of food and materials helped trigger the Russian Revolution, in which the Tsar was overthrown. • The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the new Russian govt. in the October Revolution. Lenin then established the 1stCommunist govt. The Communists won the Civil War that followed.

  7. Page 3: Essential Questions Could World War I have been avoided? (2,4) 2) How did new military technologies make warfare more destructive? 3) Did the Allies lay the seeds for future problems in the peace settlements of 1919? (6,8) 4) If you had been living in Russia in 1917, would you have joined the Revolution? (10,12)

  8. Page 5: Key Terminology/Vocabulary • Imperialism 2) nationalism 3) militarism 4) alliance system 5) Franz Ferdinand 6) trench warfare 7) Armenian Genocide 8) Woodrow Wilson 9) 14 Points 10) League of Nations 11) Mandate System 12) Tsar Nicholas II 13) Russian Revolution 14) Vladimir Lenin 15) Bolsheviks 16) October Revolution 17) Russian Civil War 18) U.S.S.R (Soviet Union)

  9. Page 2:The World on the eve of World War I No major war in Europe 4 almost a century Discontent brewing in Turkey, Mexico, China, Russia Social divisions & authoritarian govts.

  10. The World on the eve of World War I Within Austrian-Hungarian Empire, different ethnic minorities wanted independence & their own nation-states

  11. The World on the eve of World War I Revolutionary movement in Russia in 1905, Turkey in 1908, Mexico in 1910 & China in 1912

  12. The Underlying Causes of WWI 1) *Nationalism, is the belief that each ethnic group should have its own nation. The promotion of ones own nation’s interest, assertion that their nation is superior 2 others • TEKS History 10(A) Identify the importance of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and the alliance system in the cause of World War I.

  13. The Underlying Causes of WWI This idea spread 2 Balkans, where Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, Albania & Romania wanted their own nation-states These demands threatened 2 break Austro-Hungarian Empire apart • TEKS History 10(A) Identify the importance of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and the alliance system in the cause of World War I.

  14. The Underlying Causes of WWI 2) Imperialism, Europe’s Great Powers competed over colonies, markets & military power • TEKS History 10(A) Identify the importance of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and the alliance system in the cause of World War I.

  15. The Underlying Causes of WWI Competing claims created tension between major powers Competing economic interests • TEKS History 10(A) Identify the importance of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and the alliance system in the cause of World War I.

  16. The Underlying Causes of WWI 3) The Alliance System Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy • TEKS History 10(A) Identify the importance of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and the alliance system in the cause of World War I.

  17. The Underlying Causes of WWI Triple Entente – Russia, France, Great Britain Alliances sought 2 preserve existing balance of power, any dispute threatened 2 drag in all the others • TEKS History 10(A) Identify the importance of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and the alliance system in the cause of World War I.

  18. The Underlying Causes of WWI 4) Militarism- occurs when military values & goals take over civilian society Example, Otto Von Bismarck had united Germany through Prussia’s military power • TEKS History 10(A) Identify the importance of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and the alliance system in the cause of World War I.

  19. The Underlying Causes of WWI Generals became influential in government Germany & Britain competed 2 build the most powerful navy • TEKS History 10(A) Identify the importance of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and the alliance system in the cause of World War I.

  20. Page 4: The Flashpoint that Ignites the War Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir 2 Austrian Empire, was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand a Slavic nationalist group Austria-Hungary declared war on tiny Serbia

  21. The Flashpoint that Ignites the War The various alliances set off chain reaction Within weeks all major European powers were at war

  22. The Flashpoint that Ignites the War What began as a minor regional crisis in the Balkans quickly escalated into WWI

  23. Fighting The War Germany wanted 2 avoid a 2-front war, so they instituted the Schleiffen Plan Germany marched through neutral Belgium causing Britain to enter war, but were stopped before reaching Paris

  24. Fighting The War US Pres. Woodrow Wilson asked Americans not 2 take sides 2 remain neutral

  25. Fighting The War New and improved weapons Machine gun, poison gas, submarines, and airplanes TEKS History 10(B) Identify major characteristics of World War I, including total war, trench warfare, modern military technology and high casualty rates.

  26. Aircraft(1914) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWfarman.htm

  27. Improvements by 1918 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWalbatros.htm

  28. The Machine Gun

  29. Fighting The War New type of warfare, Trench Warfare, both sides dug ditches 2 create fortified positions Trenches separated by fields of barbed wire & mines known as “no man’s land” TEKS History 10(B) Identify major characteristics of World War I, including total war, trench warfare, modern military technology and high casualty rates.

  30. http://www.greatwar.nl/frames/default-color.html

  31. Fighting The War Soldiers spent years in the trenches, facing shelling from artillery fire for hours each day Since neither side could advance, fighting lines became stationary TEKS History 10(B) Identify major characteristics of World War I, including total war, trench warfare, modern military technology and high casualty rates.

  32. Artillery http://raven.cc.ukans.edu/~kansite/ww_one/photos/bin13/imag1270.jpg

  33. The Paris Gun

  34. 250 pound shells

  35. Fighting The War Poison gas caused high casualty rates Tanks were introduced, but they were still to primitive to be effective TEKS History 10(B) Identify major characteristics of World War I, including total war, trench warfare, modern military technology and high casualty rates.

  36. Tanks

  37. Poison Gas

  38. Gassed John Singer Sargent http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ARTsargent.htm

  39. Fighting The War Airplanes were used to see what was going on across enemy lines German submarines called U-boats used 2 attack large ships TEKS History 10(B) Identify major characteristics of World War I, including total war, trench warfare, modern military technology and high casualty rates.

  40. Dirigibles (Zepplins)

  41. Fighting The War Britain placed a blockade around Germany in an attempt to starve them into submission Each side tried 2 mobilize all its resources, turning war into a “total war” TEKS History 10(B) Identify major characteristics of World War I, including total war, trench warfare, modern military technology and high casualty rates.

  42. Page 6: The United States Helps Win The War Great Britain, Russia, France, Serbia, Belgium, Italy, Romania, Greece and Portugal became known as the Allied Powers Though America remained neutral, they were sympathetic 2 Britain & France

  43. The United States Helps Win The War American ships sent supplies 2 Allies, they were attacked by German submarines US finally entered war in 1917

  44. The United States Helps Win The War Russia dropped out of war in 1917 Pres. Wilson announced his war aims in the 14 Points • TEKS History 10(C) Explain the political impact of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the political and economic impact of the Treaty of Versailles, including changes in boundaries and the mandate system.

  45. The United States Helps Win The War Wilson wanted 2 redraw map of Europe so each nationality had its own nation He demanded freedom of the seas, an end 2 secret diplomacy & creation of League of Nations • TEKS History 10(C) Explain the political impact of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the political and economic impact of the Treaty of Versailles, including changes in boundaries and the mandate system.

  46. The United States Helps Win The War America’s entry into war broke deadlock in Europe In November 1918, Germany surrendered

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