UAFs Contribute To Major Science Programs

1. UAFs Contribute To Major Science Programs • Space Weather • Global Change • Space Missions

2. CEDAR New Dimensions Strategy • CEDAR Strategic Plan • Overarching Problem Statement: ‘What are the geospace impacts on Earth’s habitability and the sustainability of technology-reliant societies?’

3. CEDAR New Dimensions • Climate Change with the geospace system • Space climate • Geospace effects on climate • Complexity in the geospace system • Nonlinear, complex system (e.g. space weather, extreme events) • Energy flow in the geospace system • Follow the energy • Propagation, Transformation, Manifestation Contributions/input to the plan are very welcome!

4. CEDAR New Dimensions • Themes are Global • Measurements are not…

5. Current global coverage is uneven • Poker Flat • Resolute Bay N & C • Sondrestrom • Millstone Hill • Arecibo • Jicamarca • EISCAT ESR • EISCAT UHF • EISCAT VHF • Kharkov • Irkutsk • MU

6. Why is Antarctica different?

7. Pivotal Science with an Antarctic ISR • Large scale interhemispheric asymmetry in magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. • Difference in interhemispheric potential • Interhemispheric asymmetry on intermediate and small scales • Plasma sources for the magnetosphere • Interhemispheric asymmetry in the mesosphere and thermosphere

8. Pivotal Science with an Antarctic ISR • Space Weather • Magnetosphere-Ionosphere coupling • Plasma source/Ion outflow • Coupling/non-coupling between scales • Global climate change/disruption • Interhemispheric asymmetry in mesosphere and thermosphere • Neutral dynamics • Space Missions • Space weather • Global change… So where does AMISR fit in?

9. AMISR Changes the Picture • ISRs have been considered in Antarctica before • Structural size, heavy equipment, complexity of O&M were significant issues • AMISR reduces the issues to completely manageable sizes

10. PFISR

12. RISR

13. Possible locations

14. Polar Cap • Environment is characterized by open field-line geometry where the Earth’s magnetic field connects into the interplanetary fields of the Sun and the Solar Wind. • Small scale physics of field-line reconnection, viscous coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere, and the interchange of particles and energy between geo- and inter-planetary space. • Auroral Zone • Propagation of particles and/or waves along flux tubes; inter-hemispheric differences in substorm optical, magnetic, and riometer particle precipitation signatures; and substorm evolution in the deep tail • Sub-Auroral Zone • Energy transport within the geospace system • Near auroral-zone observations also provide remote sensing of the Earth’s radiation belts (approximately between L shells of 4 and 8).

15. Need more than one…

16. McMurdo • Polar cap location • Relative ease of logistics • Should be realized while RISR-N is still in the northern polar cap • Solar max - polar cap, solar min - lower latitudes

17. Additional sites/relocations • Polar cap (McMurdo) • Cusp (Davis/Zhong Shan) • Auroral (Troll) • Sub-Auroral (Peninsula/Palmer) Great opportunity for international collaboration….

19. Liotard (c.2225m) Leonie Island Ryder Bay Reptile Ridge Rothera

20. Rothera Research Station • Principal BAS logistics station in support of field science • Main operational hub for BAS Air Operations • Important air hub for other National Operators • Year round operations (Summer/Winter) • 120 Beds Available • Average 200 visitors per summer season – (12,000 Nights) • Average 21 personnel over wintering – (22 for 2010) • Strong collaborative history

21. Other Science at Rothera, • Radar Hut • Skiymet Radar • MF Radar • Optical Hut • Low Power Magnetometer • POM Sky Radiometer • Met Tower • Doris Beacon • ARIES • VLF Radar • Met Balloon Launch Container

22. Timeline

23. Community involvement • Chicago workshop Aug 2008 • CEDAR workshop June 2009 • EISCAT Workshop Aug 2009 • EISCAT SOC meeting Arecibo Sept 2009 • CEDAR Strategic Plan • InFO • Next International Workshop ~2011 • … • Proposal also includes outreach and education

24. Drivers for Southern high latitude facility • Space Science research benefits from contributions of UAFs • CEDAR new strategy • Geospace on a global scale • Systems approach to S-T • Success and practicality of AMISR So what could this look like?

25. Future coverage • New sites • AMISR • Resolute Bay • Argentina • Antarctica (2) • Europe • EISCAT_3D Collaboration?

26. Antarctic ISR - EISCAT 3D? • Initiative of next generation EISCAT radar in mainland EUROPE - EISCAT 3D • Possibility of upgraded Antarctic AMISR using EISCAT 3D ideas as part of the design • Important step in international collaboration between US and EISCAT in Antarctica

27. Summary • We have a critical need for understanding • We have the technology, expertise, and experience • We can exploit available capabilities to solve societally important problems • Also exploits OPP expertise and experience in Antarctica to complete northern hemisphere programs • The time is now (but there’s lots to do for the 2nd site) One last idea…

28. Thank You