Welcome and introductions Overview of the lab section Lab safety and clean-up

1. Today’s outline • Welcome and introductions • Overview of the lab section • Lab safety and clean-up • Lab 1: Insect diversity and adaptation • Intro to Lab 2: The scientific method

2. Lab safety and cleanliness • Read Appendix A carefully • Emergency equipment and procedures • Properly dispose of wastes • Clean up during and after the lab • Wash your hands Image credit: www.shawneetownship.com

3. Part A.3 (magnification) Image credit: www.ruf.rice.edu

4. Part A.3 (magnification) Count: 55 o.u. = 0.5 mm Divide: 1 o.u. = 0.5 mm / 55 o.u. = 0.009 mm Convert: 1 o.u. = 0.009 mm x 1000 = 9 ųm Image credit: www.ruf.rice.edu

5. Introduction to statistics When should we get excited about an observed difference? Small differences are common Do not reject null Large differences are rare Reject null Frequency (probability) C2critical Difference

6. Gate Stopper Hole Lid Passageway Isopods Screen floor Choices Well Image credits: museumvictoria.com.au, www.jesslaccetti.co.uk

7. Sir Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Image credits: www.amnh.org, www2.biologie.uni-halle.de

8. GENETICS In eukaryotes, a structure composed of DNA and proteins that bears part of the genetic information of the cell. $100 What is a chromosome? One of many discrete units of hereditary information located on a chromosome and consisting of DNA. $200 What is a gene? $300 What is an allele? The alternate form of a gene. $400 What is a locus? A particular place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located. $500 What is homozygous? In a diploid organism, having two identical alleles for a given trait. $1000 What is evolution? The change in genetic structure of a population. Image credit: www.tvsquad.com

9. Lab5 (local adaptation): Lab4 (Population genetics): Frequency Pop. 2 Pop. 1 Trait value Trait value This lab (Genetic variability): High diversity Low diversity Frequency Trait value Trait value Trait value

10. Chukchi Sea  Terrestrial gene flow  Marine gene flow Siberia Alaska Chukchi Sea Bering Sea Siberia Alaska  Terrestrial gene flow  Marine gene flow Bering Sea Image credit: instaar.colorado.edu

11. Chukchi Sea Alaska Siberia Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) Bering Sea Caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) Image credits: instaar.colorado.edu, homestudy.ihdea.com, www.fresnochaffeezoo.cxm

12. 11. a. Interpret your gel b. Input your data Clean up

13. Pheidole rhea Soldier Worker Image credits: W. Blaine Stine, www.myrmecos.net

14. Impatiens walleriana Shade Sun Image credits: W. Blaine Stine, P. Venturelli

15. Part D (density of stomata) Image credits: www.render-lab.com, tiee.ecoed.net

16. Image credits: www.epa.gov, www.agpix.com, www.umanitoba.ca, rydberg.biology.colostate.edu

17. Image credits: kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca, rydberg.biology.colostate.edu

18. Image credits: hh.cocolog-nifty.com, kingstonfieldnaturalists.org, www.wpclipart.com, www.britannica.com

19. 10 cm ? Ichthyostega (365 MYA) Image credits: www.photobirds.com, www.jupiterimages.com, www.istockphoto.com, www.earthhistory.org.uk

20. Exercise 4 – 6:0→1 Ostrich Goose Duck Robin Myrtle w. Nash. w. – Stiff tail – Small body – Warbling song – Webbed feet –“Duck” bill – Singing – Keeled sternum Image credits: www.dailyspeculations.com, www.birdsofoklahoma.net, Terry Sohl, www.birdsofoklahoma.net, www.christinevadai.com, www.bird-friends.com

21. Image credits: www.mark-ju.net, www.biologyreference.com, www.britannica.com, www.wildshop.com.au, www.elkhornslough.org, www.oakvilleseniors.com, www.jewishworldreview.com, z.about.com, www.ontariotravel.net, www.csc.com