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Enzymes

Enzymes. Honors Biology . Objectives. Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules .

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Enzymes

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  1. Enzymes Honors Biology

  2. Objectives • Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules. • Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.

  3. Bonds between different chemicals break and reform: Reactant: chemical that enters reaction Product: chemical produced by the reaction Ex: iron + oxygen = iron oxide (rust) Review: Chemical Reaction

  4. Chemical Reaction • Not all reactions occur spontaneously • Most need a push start • Activation energy • the energy required to start a reaction

  5. Biological Organisms • Inside a cell • Chemical reactions occur all the time • These reactions are normally slow

  6. Biological Catalysts Enzymes • Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy • Unchanged by reaction

  7. Enzyme Function • Enzymes active site interact with substrates (target molecule) to: • Make molecules OR • Break molecules

  8. Enzyme Specificity • Induced Fit: enzymes must fit near perfectly with substrate • Like a handshake • Shape (structure) of the enzyme determines its function

  9. Common Enzymes in your Body • Amylase: • in your mouth breaks down sugar • Peptidase • in your stomach break down proteins • Lipase: • in your small intestine break down lipids • There are over 2000 known enzymes in your body working right now!!!

  10. What affects an enzyme? 1. Temperature • Increase in temp. results in an increase in enzyme speed…but only to a point • When heated too much, the enzyme is denatured or “destroyed” • This changes the shape, so it stops working 2. Changes in pH • Also changes the shape, thus denaturing the enzyme 3. Changes in salinity • Also changes the shape, thus denaturing the enzyme

  11. Experimental Results: Effect of Temp.

  12. Experimental Results: Effect of pH

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