1 / 21

Fast Cars That Don’t Kill The Planet

Fast Cars That Don’t Kill The Planet. RHS Senior Exhibition 2008 – Nick Blake. Essential Question. How can a gasoline automobile engine be fuel efficient and high performance?. http://www.dieselstation.com/wallpapers/albums/Audi/R8/Audi-R8-002.jpg. My Interest. Mechanical. Hands-On.

lark
Download Presentation

Fast Cars That Don’t Kill The Planet

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Fast Cars That Don’t Kill The Planet RHS Senior Exhibition 2008 – Nick Blake

  2. Essential Question • How can a gasoline automobile engine be fuel efficient and high performance? http://www.dieselstation.com/wallpapers/albums/Audi/R8/Audi-R8-002.jpg

  3. My Interest • Mechanical. • Hands-On. • Fast Cars. • Reducing our carbon footprint. • A political issue that can be addressed with a mechanical solution. http://www.t-netzone.net/sti/dynorun/bluestihdr1.jpg

  4. Why is this an issue? • Climate change. • Diminishing fossil fuels. • Air Pollution. • Increasing gas prices. • American automobiles have the largest displacement engines worldwide. http://gtresearchnews.gatech.edu/images/wwworld_b.jpg

  5. Why focus on Gasoline? • Existing nationwide fueling infrastructure. • Gasoline is the lowest in quality to date. • New technologies are available. http://news.thomasnet.com/images/large/015/gascan.jpg

  6. What’s wrong with alternative fuels? • Electric Cars: • Battery technology. • Insufficient electrical infrastructure. • Hydrogen Fuel Cells: • Not a burnable fuel. • Ethanol: • Insufficient supply to the nationwide demand. http://www2.dupont.com/Media_Center/en_US/ assets/images/Sustainability2015/solarpanels.jpg

  7. Internal Combustion Engine • Commonly 4-Stroke. • Exothermic chemical reaction. • Ignition spark starts combustion. • Engine is essentially a mechanical air pump. 1 Intake 2 Compression 3 Power 4 Exhaust Intake Air Charge Exhaust Gasses http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/a/a6/4-Stroke-Engine.gif

  8. How can both performance and efficiency be increased? • Available Engine Technologies: • Adjustable Ignition Timing • Higher Compression • Direct Injection • Forced-Induction: • Supercharging • Turbocharging • Intercooling • Water Injection http://www.compcams.com/information/whatsnew/Files/finalHemiCams.jpg

  9. Adjustable Ignition Timing • Adjusting spark closer to the top of the compression stroke lowers cylinder temperatures and pressure. • Lower cylinder temperatures reduce production of Nitrogen Oxide pollutants. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a3/Sparkplug_super.jpg

  10. Higher Compression • Stroked Displacement Vs. Combustion Chamber Volume. • Air molecules closer to spark plug. • Increases thermal efficiency. • Thermal efficiency increases mechanical energy output. http://www.bmwblog.com/wp-content/uploads/thumb-History_M3_E30_14.jpg

  11. Direct Injection • Most recent engine development. • Fuel is introduced directly into the combustion chamber. • Fuel droplets disperse evenly and are less likely to group together. • Air and fuel mix and are ignited immediately. http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/corporate/about_us/ technology/environment/e/images/gdi_ilst01.gif

  12. Forced-Induction • Forces compressed air into the engine rather than suck in air with vacuum. • Intake air charge increases in temperature when the air molecules are compressed. • 14.7 psi of boost produces the power of an engine with double the displacement. http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/super-charger-12.jpg

  13. Supercharging • Compressor powered by a belt and pulley on the crankshaft. • Energy is used to spin the supercharger. • Commonly operate on lower boost pressures (approx 6-8psi). http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/super-charger-fix.jpg

  14. Turbocharging • Compressor powered by the flow of exhaust gasses. • Uses minimal power from engine to operate the turbocharger unit. • Produces a small amount of back-pressure in exhaust. http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/turbo-flow.gif http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/turbo-parts.gif

  15. Intercooling • Heat exchanger. • Heat is exchanged over small metal fins. • Combined Gas Law. • Compressing air raises its temperature. • Heat lowers the intake air charge density. • More dense = more air molecules present. • 140 to 100 = 7% density increase, 7% more air, 7% more HP. http://www.procharger.com/images/artwork/chevy_intercoolers.jpg

  16. Water-Injection • Cools intake air charge. • Unlike Nitrous Oxide, doesn’t add oxygen. • Water becomes a gas after sprayed. • Evaporation occurs due to high intake air charge temps. http://www.aquam ist.co.uk/press/806-009/sys2d.JPG

  17. So what technology should be used? Why? • A hybrid consisting of: • Advanced Ignition Timing. • More efficient combustion. • Turbocharging. • Variable 200% HP Increase • Water-Injection. • Cools Cylinders + Air Charge • Direct Injection. • Most efficient fuel injection. http://www.rbracing-rsr.com/turbo/red-turbo.jpg

  18. How do we persuade auto makers to utilize these technologies in new cars? • Drivers need to publicly accept these technologies and show enthusiasm to promote their deployment in the marketplace. • Consumers need to inform auto makers that these technologies should be deployed in future cars. http://www.alexneihaus.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/08/realitycheck.jpg

  19. Service Learning • Install Water-Injection system on a Turbocharged, Higher Compression engine with advanced ignition timing. • Goal: • Document the installation process and present data in a DIY guide for the public. http://autodrum.com/img/media/wallpapers/subaru_legacy_spec_b_2007_01.jpg

  20. Bibliography • Addison, Keith. "Ethanol Fuel." Journey to Forever. 13 Jan. 2008 <http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol.html>. • Bell, Corky. Maximum Boost Designing, Testing, and Installing Turbocharger Systems. • Cambridge, MA: Robert Bentley Automotive Publishers, 1997. • Davis, Earl, and Diane Perkins-Davis. Supercharging, Turbocharging, & Nitrous Oxide • Performance Handbook. Powerpro series. St. Paul, Minn: MBI, 2001. • Estill, John. "Heat Exchanger Theory and Intercoolers." Turbo Regal Web Site. 13 Dec. 2007. 6 • Mar. 2008 <http://www.gnttype.org/techarea/turbo/intercooler.html>. • "General FAQs for Aquamist." Aquamist. 2 Apr. 2008 <http://www.aquamist.co.uk/rescr/rescr.html>. • Hunnicutt, Bob. "History of Mustang Performance." Hunnicutt. 29 Jan. 2008. 7 Feb. 2008 <http://home.pon.net/hunnicutt/history.htm>. • Kitman, Jamie L. "The Secret History of Lead." The Nation. 2 Mar. 2000. 16 Dec. 2007 <http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000320/kitman>. • Kovarik, William, and Matthew E. Hermes. "Fuels and Society: 5. High Compression Engines." ChemCases.Com. 2005. Kennesaw State University. 4 Mar. 2008 <http://www.chemcases.com/fuels/fuels-05.htm>. • "Modifications Encyclopedia: Forced Induction Guide." FirebirdV6.Com. 2007. 6 Feb. 2008 <http://mods.firebirdv6.com/forcedinduction.html>. • Nice, Karim. "How Turbochargers Work." HowStuffWorks. 4 Dec. 2000. 13 Feb. 2008 <http://auto.howstuffworks.com/turbo.htm>. • Smith, Ron. "Corn-Based Ethanol Not Enough to Meet U.S. Renewable Energy Requirements." Western Farm Press. 5 May 2007. 20 Dec. 2007 <http://westernfarmpress.com/mag/farming_cornbased_ethanol_not_2/>. • "Stoichiometric Combustion." Taftan Data. 1998. 26 Jan. 2008 <http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/COMBUST.HTM>. • "The Electric Super Car Race Heats Up." BusinessWeek 1 Apr. 2008. 3 Apr. 2008 <http://www.businessweek.com/lifestyle/content/ • apr2008/bw2008041_141671.htm?chan=autos_autos+--+lifestyle+subindex+page_top+stories>. • Wise, Jeff. "The Truth About Hydrogen." Popular Mechanics Nov. 2006.

  21. Questions?

More Related