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American Government Quarter 1 Vocabulary

American Government Quarter 1 Vocabulary. Tom Brandel & Kim Burke. Common Good Things that benefit society like health, safety and welfare. Consent of Governed.

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American Government Quarter 1 Vocabulary

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  1. American GovernmentQuarter 1 Vocabulary Tom Brandel & Kim Burke

  2. Common Good Things that benefit society like health, safety and welfare.

  3. Consent of Governed The government has the power to rule because the people have given it power to rule. If the people do not like the way our government is run, the people have the power to change the government.

  4. Constitution A written plan of for government. This contract contains customs, traditions, rules and laws that sets fourth the way a government is organized and operated

  5. Executive Power The power to make sure laws are carried out. Presidential Powers are Executive Powers

  6. Government The institution through which the state: Maintains social order. Provides public services. Enforces binding decisions on citizens.

  7. Judicial Power The power to decide if the laws have been followed, to punish people who break laws, and settle disagreements

  8. Legislative Power The power to make laws, this power is given to the Congress (federal) or General Assembly (State of MD)

  9. Public Policy The laws and rules that govern a country. * A policy is typically described as a principle or rule to guide decisions.

  10. Hobbes Believed that without law human life would be “poor, nasty, brutish and short.” People are born BAD Personal safety depended on every person agreeing to observe rules- Social Contract- believed people could not break this agreement

  11. Locke • Believed in Natural Rights, did not believe kings had greater rights than other people. Leaders have right to rule because people allow it, social contract-but added that if government failed to preserve the rights of the people, the people have the right to overthrow the government Your

  12. Nation-State • A political unit consisting of an autonomous state inhabited predominantly by a people sharing a common culture, history, and language.

  13. Consensus • An opinion or position reached by a group as a whole:

  14. Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a territory.

  15. Social Contract: the power of a nation stays with the people it protects; the nation does not exist without the will of the people

  16. Aristotle

  17. Divine Right • A ruler is subject to no earthly authority, deriving his right to rule directly from the will of God. The ruler is not subject to the will of his people

  18. Four Purposes of Government • Maintain Social Order • Provided Public Services • Provide for National Security 4. • Provide for and Control the Economic System

  19. Absolute Monarchy- form of government headed by a monarch (king, queen, or emperor) who has unlimited authority in the government.

  20. Checks and Balances • The system where each branch of government exercises some control over the others. We have a Judicial, Legislative, and Executive Branch of Government. • Example: The Executive Branch (President) can VETO decisions made by the other two branches.

  21. Dictatorship- a system of government where the leader has total control and power

  22. Judicial Review- The power of the supreme court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional.

  23. Limited Government A system in which the power of the government is limited, not absolute.

  24. Oligarchy • A system of government in which a small group holds power. • *Few people Bolivia

  25. Rule of Law The principle in which the law applies to government officials as much as to ordinary citizens

  26. Separation of Powers Government power is divided between the executive, legislative, and judicial branch

  27. Totalitarian A system of government where the government has total control over almost every part of people lives

  28. Unlimited Government A system of government where the people have no say in the actions of the government What types of unlimited governments have we previewed earlier?

  29. Autocracy • Autocracy – government in which the king, queen or emperor exercises extreme powers of government.

  30. Monarchy • An autocracy in which the king, queen or emperor exercises extreme powers of government. • The power is usually inherited. Queen Elizabeth, Prince Charles….

  31. Democracy • A government in which the people rule. * Many people

  32. Republic • A republic is a form of government in which the people or some portion thereof retain supreme control over the government, and in which the head of government is not a monarch

  33. Political Parties • A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to attain and maintain political power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns.

  34. Free Enterprise - Business governed by the laws of supply and demand, not restrained by government interference

  35. Constitutional Monarchy • A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written, unwritten, or blended constitution. • It differs from absolute monarchy in that an absolute monarch serves as the sole source of political power in the state and is not legally bound by any constitution.

  36. Representative Democracy A government in which officials are elected by people

  37. Majority Rule Majority Rule: Based on the larger opinion of the general public, whatever the most people want.

  38. Civil Society Civil Society Organizations - also known as non-governmental organizations- are critical actors in the advancement of universal values around human rights, the environment, labour standards and anti-corruption.

  39. Social Consensus • An opinion or position reached by a group as a whole:

  40. Economic Benefit The positive result of an economic decision Ex. Make a road bigger, you may attract business to come to your area. More money for your area.

  41. Economic Cost- the negative result of an economic decision Ex. Preserve land for wildlife, loose tax revenue from shopping center.

  42. Economic Equity: Everyone has access to the same economic opportunities

  43. Economic Freedom: People are free to make economic choices, such as choosing or deciding what to produce, buy, and sell

  44. Economic Growth: over time, more goods and services are produced

  45. Economic Security- to have stable income or other resources to provide a comfortable life now and in the future

  46. Capitalism An economic system in which people and businesses own and control production

  47. Command Economy- economic system where the central government makes the economic decisions

  48. Economic System: the system of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services of an economy

  49. Economy The system of handling money and business in a country

  50. Factors of Production: Natural, human, and capital resources

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