bellringer

1. bellringer WHAT IS THE GREAT PURGE? GULAG? PUBLIC SHOW TRAILS? TERROR FAMINE? DESCRIBE EACH AND HOW THEY RELATE TO EACHOTHER. Side Note: If you missed the Interwar PRESENTATION DAY and/or the TEST itself, please sign up for a makeup time on the right hand side of the board. YOU HAVE UNTIL THE END OF THE WEEK TO MAKE BOTH UP.

2. World war two Road to War and Axis Advances

3. Where are we now?

4. Countries and leaders Italy Benito Mussolini: Dictator Japan Hideki Tojo: General Hirohito: Emperor Germany Adolf Hitler: Dictator Britain Winston Churchill: Prime Minister Soviet Union Joseph Stalin: Dictator

5. Countries and leaders USA Franklin D. Roosevelt: president Harry Truman: president after death of President Roosevelt Douglas MacArthur: general George C. Marshall: general Dwight D. Eisenhower: Allied commander in Europe

6. Attempts to defer war Western Powers Totalitarian Powers Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis: agreed to fight Soviet communism and to not interfere with on another’s plans for territorial expansion. Nazi-Soviet Pact: bound Hitler and Stalin (sworn enemies) to peaceful relations. Secretly, they agreed not to fight if the other went to war and divide up Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe between them. NOT based on friendship, but rather need to protect against the threat of war. • Appeasement:giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace. • Pacifism:opposition to all war due to the destruction of previous wars. • Neutrality Acts: series of anti-war acts by the U.S; forbade: • sale of arms to any nation at war • loans to warring nations • Travel on ships of any warring power • *goal was to avoid involvement in a European war, NOT prevent it.

7. alliances • ALLIES • BRITAIN • FRANCE • SOVIET UNION • AXIS POWERS • ITALY • GERMANY • JAPAN Are the major Allied powers the same start as WW1 Triple Entente? Where is Austria Hungary? Weren’t they a major WW1 power? Who is a new major key player? Do you think history will repeat itself with Italy? Do you think history will repeat itself with the U.S?

8. TOTALITARIAN AGRESSION

9. Countries • Japan • Italy • Germany • - • Violated Treaty of Versailles: • March 1935: builds up military • March 1936: occupied the Rhineland border of France • March 1938: occupied Austria • September 1938: annexed Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland (had 3 million Germans) • March 1939: annexed the rest of Czechoslovakia after promising the League he would stop with the Sudetenland • September 1939: invaded Poland • Totalitarian Acts of Aggression • 1930: seized Manchuria • 1937: started the second Sino-Japanese by invading Eastern China • 1935: invaded Ethiopia because of a decades long grudge • What did the League of Nations do? • Condemned Japanfor Manchuria, but Japan just withdrew from League • Voted to penalize Italy for breaking international law, but had no power to enforce • Appeasement  War

12. War begins On September 1, 1939, a week after the Nazi-Soviet Pact is signed, Germany invades Poland with help from the Soviet Union, who grabbed lands promised by the Nazi-Soviet pact. Two days later, Britain and France declare war on Germany Within a month, Poland was taken. How? The answer is: Blitzkrieg: “lightning war”- utilize all aspects of military to storm enemy. First bombing, then tanks and troops sent in. Germany attacked from west and Soviet Union from the east Luftwaffe: Germany air force

13. In summary, Causes of ww2 • Aggression by the totalitarian powers of Germany, Italy, Japan • Nationalism • Failures of the Treaty of Versailles • Weakness of the League of Nations • Appeasement • Tendencies towards isolationism and pacifism in Europe and the United States

14. Fall of France German and Italian forces invaded France and continued a 7 week attack. France could not hold German forces back and on June 22nd, 1940, nine months after the war’s start, France surrendered to Germany. Germany occupied northern France and turned southern France into a German “puppet state,” with its capitol at Vichy.

15. Battle of Britain Video Germany’s attempt to take the United Kingdom, just as it had just done with France. From 1940- 1941 the German Luftwaffe insistently bombed Britain. The Royal Air Force defended cities like London against “blitz” air attacks, once lasting 57 days in row During these nightly attacks, civilians would hide in shelters and continue with daily life during safe times. Over 40,000 civilians died Germany failed to take Britain. This year long air attack got its name from the famous quote: "The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin.“- Winston Churchill

16. German invasion of the soviet union In June 1941, Hitler nullified the Nazi-Soviet Pact and invaded the Soviet Union 3 million Germans attack caught Stalin off guard and unprepared, as the Great Purge had wiped out many of his top army officers. Stalin lost about 2.5 million men. Germany also paid a dear price, as Hitler's forces were not prepared for a Russian winter and many froze to death. SIEGE OF LENINGRAD: starting in Sept 1941, the 2 ½ year German seize of Leningrad began. Food was rationed to 2 pieces of bread/day and over a million Leningraders died of starvation. Still, the city did not completely fall to the Germans

17. American Involvement Grows Lend-Lease Act: allowed the U.S to sell or lend war materials to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the U.S” The U.S would not be drawn into war, but become “the arsenal of democracy, supplying arms to those who were fighting for freedom.” (In 1940, at the outbreak of war, Japan began invading European possessions in Southeast Asia. They occupied French Indochina and Dutch East Indies, as the Japanese’s policy of expansionism was key to its need of more natural resources to take on China.) 2. To stop Japanese expansion, the U.S banned the sale of resources that could be used as war materials (steel, iron, and oil etc.)