Urban Design 2

1. Urban Design 2 Urban development and Planning Theories: planning strategies, zoning, satellite city.

2. Urban development and Planning Theories: A. Planning strategies Planning Organizations • Central Organization • Lineer Organization • Radial Organization • Clustered Organization • Grid Organization

3. 1.Central Organization National Assembly in Dacca by Louis I. Kahn architect, at Dacca, Bangladesh, 1962 to 1974

4. Panteon,Rome, İtalya

5. Nahalal, Jezreel Valley, Israel

6. The linear city was an urban plan for an elongated urban formation. The city would consist of a series of functionally specialized parallel sectors. Generally, the city would run parallel to a river, Bosphorus, sea channel, highway and be built so that the dominant wind would blow from the residential areas to the industrial strip. The sectors of a linear city would be: • a purely segregated zone for railway lines, • a zone of production and communal enterprises, with related scientific, technical and educational institutions, • a green belt or buffer zone with major highway, • a residential zone, including a band of social institutions, a band of residential buildings and a "children's band", • a park zone, and • an agricultural zone with gardens and state-run farms 2.Lineer Organization

8. Istanbul, Lineer master plan & maslak skyscraper zone

9. 3. Radial Organization Palmanova, İtalya

10. Hamadan, Iran

11. 4. Clustered Organization Richard Galpin, Cluster

14. 5. Grid Organization The grid plan dates from antiquity and originated in multiple cultures; some of the earliest planned cities were built using grid plans Barcelona, grid master plan

15. New European towns were planned using grids beginning in the 12th century, most prodigiously in the bastides of southern France that were built during the 13th and 14th centuries Many were built on ancient grids originally established as Roman colonial outposts. Newyork,USA

16. Parc de la Villette, paris

17. B. Zoning • Zoning is a device of land use planning used by local governments in most developed countries The word is derived from the practice of designating permitted uses of land based on mapped zones which separate one set of land uses from another. Zoning may be use-based (regulating the uses to which land may be put), or it may regulate building height, lot coverage, and similar characteristics, or some combination of these. • Zoning may include regulation of the kinds of activities which will be acceptable on particular lots (such as open space, residential, agricultural, commercial or industrial), the densities at which those activities can be performed (from low-density housing such as single family homes to high-density such as high-rise apartment building), the height of buildings, the amount of space structures may occupy, the location of a building on the lot, the proportions of the types of space on a lot, such as how much landscape space, impervius surface, traffic lines, and parking must be provided.

18. The graphical scheme of the General urban plan for the city of Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. The graphical scheme contains different zones which are designated with different colors.

19. C. Satellite city • A satellite town or satellite city is a concept in urban planning that refers essentially to miniature metropolitan areas on the fringe of larger ones • Satellite cities are small or medium-sized cities near a large metropolis, that: -Predate that metropolis' suburban expansion; -Are at least partially independent from that metropolis economically and socially; -Are physically separated from the metropolis by rural territory; satellite cities should have their own independent urbanized area, or equivalent; -Have their own public communities, -Have a traditional downtown surrounded by traditional "inner city" neighborhoods; -May or may not be counted as part of the large metropolis'

20. Sun city, Arizona,USA

21. Brondby, Danmark