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Week five

ENG 100. Week five. INDEPENDENT WORK:. Reread, rethink and rewrite the text in bold on page 66 quoting material by Nancy Mairs , "On Being a Cripple."  taking on the voice of someone either "crippled" or not, who uses I much less frequently than Mairs does - perhaps not at all. OR

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Week five

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  1. ENG 100 Week five

  2. INDEPENDENT WORK: • Reread, rethink and rewrite the text in bold on page 66 quoting material by Nancy Mairs, "On Being a Cripple."  taking on the voice of someone either "crippled" or not, who uses I much less frequently than Mairs does - perhaps not at all. OR • Reread, rethink, and rewrite the text in bold on page 61-62 quoting the material "Here Comes theGroom" from a personal, subjective viewpoint, taking on the voice (the character) of someone who is gay or has gay friends or family members and using the pronoun I if appropriate.

  3. INDEPENDENT WORK Using your textbook, read Chapter Four, “Arguments Based on Facts and Reason: Logos,” pages 69-93. Mark the text and/or take notes as you read. Complete Reading Response Journal. Once finished, complete #5 on page 94. Finish as homework, as necessary.

  4. Now You See It . . . Reading/Discussion Schedule Intro pg. 1-20 Discuss 09/06 Part 1 pg. 23-58, Ch. 1-2 Discuss 09/11 Part 2 pg. 61-161, Ch. 3-5 Discuss 09/21 Part 3 pg. 165-244, Ch. 6-7 Discuss 10/01 Part 4 pg. 247 – 276, Ch. 8 Discuss 10/03 Conclusion pg. 277-292 Discuss 10/05

  5. INDEPENDENT WORK: Are these hard evidence or rational appeals? Remember, not all cases are clear-cut. Defend your answer. 1. The bigger they are, the harder they fall. 2. Drunk drivers are involved in more than 50 percent of traffic deaths. 3. DNA tests of skin found under the victim’s fingernails suggest that the defendant was responsible for the assault.

  6. INDEPENDENT WORK: Are these hard evidence or rational appeals? Remember, not all cases are clear-cut. Defend your answer. 1. Polls suggest that a slim majority of Americans favor a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage. 2. A psychologist testified that teenage violence could not be blamed on video games. 3. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

  7. INDEPENDENT WORK: Are these hard evidence or rational appeals? Remember, not all cases are clear-cut. Defend your answer. 1. History proves that cutting tax rates increases government revenues because people work harder when they can keep more of what they earn. 2. “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” 3. Air bags ought to be removed from vehicles because they can kill young children and small-frame adults.

  8. syllogism • logical argument involving three propositions: a formal deductive argument made up of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. "All birds have feathers, penguins are birds, therefore penguins have feathers." • deductive reasoning: reasoning from the general to the specific • example of deduction: an example of deductive reasoning

  9. enthymeme • A figure of reasoning in which one or more statements of a syllogism (a three-pronged deductive argument) is/are left out of the configuration; an abbreviated syllogism or truncated deductive argument in which one or more premises, or, the conclusion is/are omitted. There are various kinds of syllogisms and the formal treatment of them is rather technical. However, all syllogisms are similar in that they contain at least three statements -- two premises followed by a conclusion.

  10. enthymeme Ex1: - All humans are mortal. (major premise) - Michael is human. (minor premise) -Michael is mortal. (conclusion) • The syllogism above would be rendered an enthymeme simply by maintaining that "Michael is mortal because he's human"(leaving out the major premise). Or put differently, "Since all humans are mortal, Michael is therefore mortal" (leaving out the minor premise).

  11. enthymeme Statements may be strategically excluded in an enthymeme because they are too obvious or because revealing them might damage the force of the argument. Yet another reason to exclude a premise or conclusion is to let the audience infer it. The idea here is that audiences who have to draw out premises or conclusions for themselves are more likely to be persuaded by the overall argument.

  12. enthymeme Ex2: - Those who study rhetoric speak eloquently. (major premise) - Susan studies rhetoric. (minor premise) -Susan speaks eloquently. (conclusion) • The enthymeme here might do well to exclude the conclusion and let the audience infer it if the goal of the argument were to convince the audience that Susan speaks eloquently.

  13. GROUP WORK Take a look at comedian Rita Rudner's fairly complicated enthymematic argument: I was going to have cosmetic surgery until I noticed that the doctor's office was full of portraits of Picasso. Working with the other students in your row (front of row to back), analyze this enthymeme and answer the following questions: 1.  What information is left implicit?   2.  What inference or conclusion does Rudner ask us to draw from this enthymeme?   3.  What causes the humor in this statement?

  14. INDEPENDENT WORK Using your textbook, read Chapter Seventeen, “Fallacies of Argument,” pages 515-534. Mark the text and/or take notes as you read. Complete Reading Response Journal.

  15. INDEPENDENT WORK Complete the exercise on page 519 of your textbook, answering all questions. Be prepared to discuss.

  16. Mark the fallacies in your homework by writing the name over each example. • Ad Hominem • Bandwagon • Begging the Question • Dogmatism • Either/Or • Equivocation • False Authority • Faulty Analogy • Faulty Causality • Hasty Generalization • Non Sequitur • Scare Tactic • Sentimental Appeal • Slippery Slope • Strawman

  17. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? “Leave no child behind.” (George Bush policy and slogan) • Is it a fallacy? • Which one?

  18. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? • Is it a fallacy? • Which one? “It’s the economy, stupid.” (sign on the wall at Bill Clinton’s campaign headquarters)

  19. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? “Nixon’s the one.” (campaign slogan) • Is it a fallacy? • Which one?

  20. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? • Is it a fallacy? • Which one? “Remember the Alamo.” (battle cry)

  21. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? “Make love, not war.” (antiwar slogan during the Vietnam War) • Is it a fallacy? • Which one?

  22. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? • Is it a fallacy? • Which one? “A chicken in every pot.” (campaign slogan)

  23. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? “No taxation without representation.” (American colonial slogan) • Is it a fallacy? • Which one?

  24. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? • Is it a fallacy? • Which one? “Loose lips sink ships.” (slogan from World War II)

  25. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? “Guns don’t kill, people do.” (NRA slogan) • Is it a fallacy? • Which one?

  26. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? • Is it a fallacy? • Which one? “If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.” (attributed to Harry S. Truman)

  27. LOGICAL FALLACIES What do you know about this slogan? “We are the ones we’ve been waiting for We are the change that we seek.” (Obama campaign statement) • Is it a fallacy? • Which one?

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