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Physics 320: Astronomy and Astrophysics – Lecture XIII

Physics 320: Astronomy and Astrophysics – Lecture XIII. Carsten Denker Physics Department Center for Solar–Terrestrial Research. The Jovian Worlds. The Giant Planets The Jovian Moons Io Europa Ganymede Callisto Ring System.

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Physics 320: Astronomy and Astrophysics – Lecture XIII

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  1. Physics 320: Astronomy and Astrophysics – Lecture XIII Carsten Denker Physics Department Center for Solar–Terrestrial Research

  2. The Jovian Worlds • The Giant Planets • The Jovian Moons • Io • Europa • Ganymede • Callisto • Ring System NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  3. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune = 99.5% of the entire mass of the planetary system Galileo Galilei 1610  Galilean moons and Saturn’s ring (telescope) Pioneer 10/11 and Voyager ½ Galileo and Cassini-Huygens Contribution of degenerate electron pressure Brown dwarfs must have masses less than about 80 MJupiter The Giant Planets NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  4. Jupiter NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  5. Shoemaker-Levy 9 NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  6. Atmosphere NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  7. Equatorial radius: Re = 71,370 km Polar radius: Rp = 66,750 km Oblateness: (Re Rp) / Re = 0.0648 First order correction term in gravitational potential:   U / m Oblateness NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  8. J2: oblateness and moment of inertia J4: mass distribution in outer regions, equatorial bulge, and planets thermal structure Gravitational Moments NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  9. Galilean moon: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto Rock  increase of water-ice crust (volatiles) Formation of moons linked to formation of Jupiter itself Hot Jupiter evaporation of volatiles on the closer moons Tidal interactions  volcanism Volcanism similar to geysers (sulfur and sulfur dioxide SO2) Resonance in orbits of Io, Europa, and Ganymede: 1:2:4 ratio of orbital periods Galilean moons are located inside Jupiter’s magnetosphere (210 times rJupiter vIo = 57 km/s  potential differences of up to 600 kV and currents of up to 106 A The Jovian Moons NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  10. Io NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  11. Magnetosphere NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  12. Volcanism on Io NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  13. Europa NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  14. Ganymede NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  15. Callisto NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  16. Internal Structure NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  17. Saturn NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  18. Cassini division Encke gap Thousands of ringlets F ring is very narrow and appears to be braided Ring extend about 5 rSaturn and are very thin ( 10 m, ripples  1 km) Optical depth of ring system between 0.1 and 2 Partially inelastic collisions keep rings thin Ring particles are small, a few centimeters to several meters Rings are highly reflective (albedos in the range from 0.2 to 0.6) Ring systems of Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune Keplerian shear Shepherd moons Orbital resonance Spiral density waves Poynting-Robertson effect Ring Systems NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  19. NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  20. Atmosphere NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  21. Uranus NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  22. Seasons on Uranus NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  23. Neptune NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  24. Comparison of Internal Structure NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

  25. Homework Class Project • Continue improving the PPT presentation. • Use the abstract from the previous assignment as a starting point for a PowerPoint presentation. • The PPT presentation should have between 5 and 10 slides. • Bring a print-out of the draft version to the next class as a discussion template for group work • Homework is due Wednesday December 10th, 2003. Last chance! NJIT Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

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