SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

1. SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

2. INDEX • INTRODUCTION • CONCEPTS • ISSUES • ASSESSMENT

3. INTRODUCTION

4. The Brundtland Commission of the United Nations on March 20, 1987: “sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” At the 2005 World Summit it was noted that this requires the reconciliation ofenvironmental,social equity and economic demands - the "three pillars" of sustainability or (the 3 E's). The three pillars of sustainability are not mutually exclusive and can be mutually reinforcing. WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

5. The word development in this definition implicates two important aspects of the concept: • It is omnidisciplinary • There is no set aim, but the continuation of development is the • aim of the development. • The definition is based on two concepts: • NEEDS • LIMITS basic needs such as food, clothing, housing and employment every individual should have the opportunity to try and raise his/her life standard above this absolute minimum natural limitations like finite resources declining productivity caused by overexploitation of resources, declining quality of water and shrinking of biodiversity

6. "Future generation is the most important" --- Confucius "Treat the Earth well.  It was not given to you by your parents.  It was loaned to you by your children." --- Kenyan Proverb THREE DIMENSIONS Economicsustainability Growth Development Productivity Trickle-down Social sustainability Cultural identity Empowerment Accessibility Stability Equity Environmentalsustainability Ecosystemintegrity Carryingcapacity Biodiversity

7. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY • To leave the Earth in as good shape for future generations as we found it for ourselves. • Resourceconsumptionwouldbeminimal • Materials consumed would be made ENTIRELY of 100% • post-consumer recycled materials or from renewable resources • Recycling of waste streams would be 100% • Energy would be conserved and energy supplies would be ENTIRELY renewable and non-polluting • The world as a system a systemoverspace a systemover time

8. CONCEPTS

9. SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION “Sustainablebuildinginvolves a combination of values: aesthetic, environmental, social, political and moral. Thechallengeisfindingthe balance betweenenvironmentalconsiderations and economicconstraints.” SanuelMockbee, Auburn University

10. Fiveprinciples of anenvironmentalarchitecture Understanding the place , if we are sensitive to the place, we can inhabit it without destroying it. Fivescatterdhouses, 2003-2006, Ningbo, China. Wang Shu, PritzkerArchitecture Prize winer 2012

11. Use the construction techniques which are indigenous to the area, learning from localtraditions in materials and design. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsk-zSzwF3M&feature=player_embedded Egyptian philosopher and architect, HasanFathi: "One man alone can not build his own home, but ten men who work together can easily build ten homes".

12. Demolishingonly when it is not economical to reuse and avoid using materials or which cannot be reused or recycled. Xiangshan Campus, 2002-2004, Hangzhou, China. Wang Shu, Pritzker Architecture Prize winer 2012

13. Design the building to minimize the costof ownership by incorporating techniques and technologies for conserving energy and water and reducing emissions to land, water and air.

14. Sustainabledesignattemptstohaveanunderstanding of theenvironmentalimpact of thedesignbyevaluatingthesite, theembodiedenergy and toxicity of thematerials and constructiontechniques.

15. ISSUES

16. SITE SustainableUrbanDesign

17. Sustainable Cities and Green Development "Improving the quality of life in a city, including ecological, cultural, political, institutional, social and economic components without leaving a burden on the future generations. A burden which is the result of a reduced natural capital and an excessive local debt. Our aim is that the flow principle, that is based on an equilibrium of material and energy and also financial input/output, plays a crucial role in all future decisions upon the development of urban areas.“ ECONOMY - ECOLOGY - EQUITY

18. ENERGY EnergyEfficiency Computerenergysimulations Calener, Líder…etc. RenewableEnergy

20. WASTE "Waste - a resource in the wrong place" -- An old Chinese proverb. Waste Management Strategies: • Wasteprevention • Recyclyingconstruction and demolitionmaterials • Architecturalreuse (includeadaptivereuse, conservativedisassembly, and reusingsalvagedmaterials) • Designfor material recovery (durability, disassembly, adaptivereuse)

21. MATERIALS EmbodiedEnergy

22. COMMUNITY Sustainable Communities http://www.place.us/?gclid=CIKb_aqnvK4CFQ1lfAodgRwoIQ

23. ASSESSMENT

24. GREEN ARCHITECTURE • InterdependentAims: • harmonization with environment • pollution prevention • resources and energy efficiency

25. Site: Harmonization with Environment

26. PollutionPrevention • HOT CLIMATE • Hot, moderate and cold climate-adapted architecture: • Solar radiation temperature light • Wind and pressure conditions • Humidity and precipitations • Using climatic factors and situations and adequate materials for the house’s natural: • cooling • heating • lighting HUMID DESERT MODERATE CLIMATE COSTAL CONTINENTAL COLD CLIMATE SUBARTIC ARTIC

27. Resources and Energy Efficiency • Conflictive requirements - high electricity consumption - minimizing the use of non-renewable natural resources • Sustainability= self-sufficiency • Incorporating alternative clean renewable energy sources : • solar power • geothermal power • wind turbines • hydro electric power • bio-mass (organic substances)

28. GREEN ARCHITECTURE ASSESSMENT

29. DESIGNS ASSESSMENT • 1) Klein House • 2005/ Rita Klein/ Altea, Alicante • 418’65m2 / 335.200 euro SUSTAINABLE ANALYSIS 1. Resources optimization: • Natural resources • Recycled, reused and recovered materials 2. Minimizing energy consumption 3. Use of renewableenergy sources 4. No production of toxic waste and emissions into air 5. Human and environmental health 6. Easy to maintain

30. 2) Gibson Boathouse/ StudioRobert OshatzLake Oswego, Oregon, USA • Reduced resource quantity (resource-efficiency strategy): 1) build less square footage 2) use smaller quantities of materials Example of ecological materials used from the place: stone, wood and grass

31. 3) Earthship BiotechnologyEarthship residenceTaos, New Mexico, USA 100% sustainable design due to: • Resources:Self-sufficient solar, geothermal and wind power energy production; • Reused water system and mechanical systems • Recycled materials:crystal bottles, aluminium cans, reused tyres filled with soil, cardboard • Easy management

32. “There is no greater potential for personal expression than building one’s own shelter. For this reason alone, every effort should be made to enable new home construction to be sustainable for generations to come. Today, we realize that to be truly sustainable, it is not enough to imagine methods of minimizing damage to the environment; instead the results must have a positive impact on it. “ (Dennis Wedlick)

33. BIBLIOGRAPHY

34. Dahl, Torben; Climate and Architecture; The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts; School of Architecture, Institute of Architectural Technology, Published by Routlegde, 2010 • Enciclopedias Atrim para profesionales, (Arquitectura) Private Architecture, volume 1, Printed in Barcelona, Spain • Foster, Kari; Stelmack, Annette and Hindman, Debbie; Sustainable Residential Interiors. An illustrated guide to “green” design strategies. Sustainable design; Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Inc, Hobeken, New Jersey, USA, 2007 • González Díaz, María Jesús; Arquitectura sostenible y aprovechamiento solar. Diseño arquitectónico integral, Preservación del medio ambiente y ahorro energético; Madrid, España, 2004 • Instituto Monsa de Ediciones; Arquitectura sostenible. Lowtech Houses; Barcelona, España • Jodidio, Philip; Green. Architecture Now! (Arquitectura ecológica hoy); Taschen; printed in Italy, 2010 • Luis de Garrido; Análisis de Proyectos de Arquitectura Sostenible. Naturalezas artificiales 2001-2008; Madrid, España, 2009 • http://permiesepulveda.blogspot.com.es/2010/01/earth-bags • http://www.trendir.com/house-design/sustainable/ • www.smartplanet.com/...architecture/wang-shu...architectures..

36. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!