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Alcohol beverage regulation - Emerging trends Some lessons from public health science

Alcohol beverage regulation - Emerging trends Some lessons from public health science Peter Anderson, MD, MPH, PhD 12 March 2008. Alcohol matters Regulation matters The alcohol beverage industry matters. Alcohol matters Regulation matters The alcohol beverage industry matters.

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Alcohol beverage regulation - Emerging trends Some lessons from public health science

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  1. Alcohol beverage regulation - Emerging trends Some lessons from public health science Peter Anderson, MD, MPH, PhD 12 March 2008

  2. Alcohol matters Regulation matters The alcohol beverage industry matters

  3. Alcohol matters Regulation matters The alcohol beverage industry matters

  4. Risk over lifetime that death in UK is due to alcohol-related injury assuming 10,000 drinking occasions between 18-70 years (every other day) Risk per 1,000 Consumption per occasion (grams of pure alcohol) Source: Taylor & Rehm, based on Taylor et al., AJE, 2008; Rehm et al. IJMPR, 2008

  5. Risk over lifetime that death in UK is due to alcohol-related chronic illness Risk per 1,000 Average daily consumption (grams pure alcohol) Source: Taylor & Rehm, based on Taylor et al., AJE, 2008; Rehm et al. IJMPR, 2008

  6. The risks are additive: If a man drinks 60g alcohol on an occasion every other day the risk that his death is due to alcohol is about 10%

  7. Proportion of European people who have had 5+ drinks on one occasion at least weekly during past 12 months by age % Age (years) Source: Eurobarometer 2007

  8. Proportion of European people of have had 5+ drinks on one occasion at least weekly during past 12 months by occupational group % Occupational group Source: Eurobarometer 2007

  9. Alcohol matters Regulation matters The alcohol beverage industry matters

  10. Price Availability

  11. Price Availability

  12. England and Wales Source: Anderson 2007

  13. England and Wales Source: Anderson 2007

  14. England and Wales England and Wales Source: Anderson 2007

  15. UK alcohol-related deaths by age of death Source: Office for National Statistics, UK 2008

  16. Alcohol as a certified cause of death in a middle England population (Around Oxford) Death certificate mentions alcohol Death certificate states alcohol as underlying cause Source: Goldacre et al 2004

  17. % Lower Higher Distribution of deaths by social class Source: Goldacre et al 2004

  18. Economic availability and alcohol consumption, Poland, 1960-1996 Alcohol consumption, l/capita Number of ½ L bottles of vodka an average monthly salary can buy Source: Moskalewicz et al 2000

  19. Economic availability and liver cirrhosis deaths, men aged 20-44 yearsPoland 1968-2003 15,00 12,00 1999 2000 1995 9,00 2002 1996 2001 Deaths/100,000 men 1994 1993 1991 6,00 1980 1992 1979 1985 1984 1990 1973 1986 1983 1977 1976 3,00 1981 1988 1974 1972 1982 1966 1964 0,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 60,00 70,00 80,00 90,00 Number of ½ L bottles of vodka an average monthly salary can buy Source: Moskalewicz et al 2005

  20. Source: Moskalewicz et al 2005

  21. Alcohol tax cuts and alcohol-positive sudden deaths, Finland On 1/3/04, tax increased by 33% retail price increased by 22% Number of alcohol-positive sudden deaths/week 7.7 additional deaths/week Source: Koski et al 2007

  22. Alcohol-related deaths, Finland Total At the end of November 2007, the Parliament decided to raise alcohol taxes by an average of 11.5%. Retail prices are expected to raise by 5% on average. Men Number of deaths Women Source: Puska 2007

  23. Price Availability

  24. England: licensed public houses and hospital admissions

  25. England: licensed public houses and hospital admissions for acute toxic effects

  26. Shift in pub opening times before and after November 2005, England and Wales On average, pubs opened 27 minutes longer after the reform Source: Department of Culture, Media and Sport 2007

  27. Violence and crime-related offences, England and Wales No real change 22% increase Source: Hough et al 2008

  28. Violence and crime-related offences, Birmingham City centre Source: Hough et al 2008

  29. Physical availability and first hospitalisations due to alcohol disordersPoland 1968-2003 2003 2002 80,0 2001 2000 1999 1995 60,0 1996 1993 1980 1986 40,0 1983 1975 1982 20,0 1981 1969 1968 10,00 20,00 30,00 40,00 50,00 Hospital admissions/100,000 people Number of outlets/10,000 people Source: Moskalewicz et al 2005

  30. Alcohol matters Regulation matters The alcohol beverage industry matters

  31. Areas for industry action (producers and retailers) Address smuggling Address illegal markets and productions of illegal and surrogate (perfumes etc) alcohol Increase the price Moratorium on marketing beverages to young people Better ensure that sellers do not sell alcohol to under age or intoxicated

  32. Areas for industry action (producers and retailers) Address smuggling Address illegal markets and productions of illegal and surrogate (perfumes etc) alcohol Increase the price Moratorium on marketing beverages to young people Better ensure that sellers do not sell alcohol to under age or intoxicated

  33. Areas for industry action (producers and retailers) Address smuggling Address illegal markets and productions of illegal and surrogate (perfumes etc) alcohol Increase the price Moratorium on marketing beverages to young people Better ensure that sellers do not sell alcohol to under age or intoxicated

  34. 28%: Home brew (legal and illegal) Cross border Other untaxed Surrogate

  35. Areas for industry action (producers and retailers) Address smuggling Address illegal markets and productions of illegal and surrogate (perfumes etc) alcohol Increase the price Moratorium on marketing beverages to young people Better ensure that sellers do not sell alcohol to under age or intoxicated

  36. What makes up the price of a bint of beer in the UK

  37. Increase on off premise sales in UK, 1996-2006 Shop sales £bn Value of shop sales of alcohol

  38. UK supermarkets have pointed out that under existing competition laws they would face high penalties if they were to collude on prices. But, under new arrangements secured through proposed amendments to licensing laws, they could be allowed to consult with each other before raising the cost of retail sales

  39. Increasing prices: • Reduces consumption • Reduces harm • But, due to the common inelastic relationship between price and consumption, consumption decreases less than the price increase, which can lead to increased profit

  40. Areas for industry action (producers and retailers) Address smuggling Address illegal markets and productions of illegal and surrogate (perfumes etc) alcohol Increase the price Moratorium on marketing beverages to young people Better ensure that sellers do not sell alcohol to under age or intoxicated

  41. One supermarket chain in England will stop selling shot size ‘shooter’ alcopops

  42. Areas for industry action (producers and retailers) Address smuggling Address illegal markets and productions of illegal and surrogate (perfumes etc) alcohol Increase the price Moratorium on marketing beverages to young people Better ensure that sellers do not sell alcohol to under age or intoxicated

  43. One supermarket chain in England will stop selling alcohol between midnight and 6am

  44. The volume of alcohol consumption matters, both on an occasion and overall, and matters for the younger and older middle age and the ‘middle class’ Making alcohol more affordable and more available increases harm; European countries are tackling this Producers and retailers could manage the regulation of the product to reduce harm, and, in many cases, increase profit

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