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The Internet2 Network Observatory

Explore the history, capabilities, and future of the Internet2 Network Observatory, including research projects, measurement capabilities, collocation opportunities, and sharing of data and tools.

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The Internet2 Network Observatory

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  1. The Internet2 Network Observatory Rick Summerhill Director Network Research, Architecture, and Technologies Brian Cashman Network Planning Manager Matt Zekauskas Senior Engineer Eric Boyd Director Performance Architecture and Technologies Internet2 Fall Member Meeting 6 December 2006 Chicago, IL

  2. Agenda • Introduction • History and Motivation • What is the Observatory? • Examples of Research Projects • The New Internet2 Observatory • Initial Observatory Realization • Measurement Capabilities • Hardware Deployment in New Racks • Observatory Usage • Uses to date • Network Research Considerations • Future uses (and collections) • Sharing Observatory Data and Tools for Inter-domain Use • perfSONAR

  3. History and Motivation • Original Abilene racks included measurement devices • Included a single (somewhat large) PC • Early OWAMP, surveyor measurements • Optical splitters at some locations • Motivation was primarily operations, monitoring, and management - understanding the network and how well it operates • Data was collected and maintained whenever possible • Primarily a NOC function • Available to other network operators to understand the network • It became apparent that the datasets were valuable as a network research tool

  4. The Abilene Upgrade Network Rick Summerhill

  5. Upgrade of the Abilene Observatory • An important decision was made during the Abilene upgrade process (Juniper T-640 routers and OC-192c) • Two racks, one of which was dedicated to measurement • Potential for research community to collocate equipment • Two components to the Observatory • Collocation - network research groups are able to collocate equipment in the Abilene router nodes • Measurement - data is collected by the NOC, the Ohio ITEC, and Internet2, and made available to the research community

  6. An Abilene router node Power (48VDC) Power Eth. Switch Measurement Machines (nms) Out-of-band (M-5) Space for Collocation! Measurement(Observatory) Rack T-640

  7. Houston Router Node - In this picture: Measurement machines Collocated PlanetLab machines Dedicated servers at each node

  8. Example Research Projects • Collocation projects • PlanetLab – Nodes installed in all Abilene Router Nodes. See http://www.planet-lab.org • The Passive Measurement and Analysis Project (PMA) - The Router clamp. See http://pma.nlanr.net • Projects using collected datasets. See http://abilene.internet2.edu/observatory/research-projects.html • “Modular Strategies for Internetwork Monitoring” • “Algorithms for Network Capacity Planning and Optimal Routing Based on Time-Varying Traffic Matrices” • “Spatio-Temporal Network Analysis” • “Assessing the Presence and Incidence of Alpha Flows in Backbone Networks”

  9. The New Internet2 Network • Expanded Layer 1, 2 and 3 Facilities • Includes SONET and Wave equipment • Includes Ethernet Services • Greater IP Services • Requires a new type of Observatory

  10. The New Internet2 Network

  11. The New Internet2 Observatory • Seek Input from the Community, both Engineers and Network Researchers • Current thinking is to support three types of services • Measurement (as before) • Collocation (as before) • Experimental Servers to support specific projects - for example, Phoebus (this is new) • Support different types of nodes: • Optical Nodes • Router Nodes • For example, as illustrated in the following diagrams • Brian, Eric, and Matt will talk further about the Observatory Nodes

  12. Router Nodes Rick Summerhill

  13. Optical Nodes Rick Summerhill

  14. The New York Node - First Installment

  15. Existing Observatory Capabilities • One way latency, jitter, loss • IPv4 and IPv6 (“owamp”) • Regular TCP/UDP throughput tests – ~1 Gbps • IPv4 and IPv6; On-demand available (“bwctl”) • SNMP • Octets, packets, errors; collected 1/min • Flow data • Addresses anonymized by 0-ing the low order 11 bits • Routing updates • Both IGP and BGP - Measurement device participates in both • Router configuration • Visible Backbone – Collect 1/hr from all routers • Dynamic updates • Syslog; also alarm generation (~nagios); polling via router proxy

  16. Observatory Functions

  17. Router Nodes

  18. Router Nodes

  19. Optical Nodes

  20. Optical Nodes

  21. Observatory Hardware • Dell 1950 and Dell 2950 servers • Dual Core 3.0 GHz Xeon processors • 2 GB memory • Dual RAID 146 GB disk • Integrated 1 GE copper interfaces • 10 GE interfaces • Hewlett-Packard 10GE switches • 9 servers at router sites, 3 at optical only sites

  22. Observatory Databases – Datа Types • Data is collected locally and stored in distributed databases • Databases • Usage Data • Netflow Data • Routing Data • Latency Data • Throughput Data • Router Data • Syslog Data

  23. Sub-outline: Uses and Futures • Some uses of existing datasets and tools • Quality Control • Network Diagnosis • Network Characterization • Network Research • Consultation with researchers • Open questions

  24. Usage Data Netflow Data Routing Data Latency Data Throughput Data Router Data Syslog Data ND, NR ND, NC, NR NR QC, ND, NR QC, ND, NR ND, NR NR Recall: Datasets And, of course, most used for operations

  25. Quality Control: e-VLBI • When starting to connect telescopes, needed to verify inter-site paths • Set up throughput testing among sites (using same Observatory tool: bwctl) • Kashima, JP • Onsala, SE • Boston, MA (Haystack) • Collect and graph data; distribute via web • Quick QC check before applications tests start

  26. Network Diagnosis: e-VLBI • Target at the time: 50Mbps • Oops: Onsala-Boston: 1Mbps • Divide and Conquer • Verify Abilene backbone tests look good • Use Abilene test point in Washington DC • Eliminated European and trans-Atlantic pieces • Focus on problem: found oversubscribed link

  27. Quality Control: IP Backbone • Machines with 1GE interfaces, 9000 MTU • Full mesh • IPv4 and IPv6 • Expect > 950 Mbps TCP • Keep list of “Worst 10” • If any path < 900 Mbps for two successive testing intervals, throw alarm

  28. Quality Control: Peerings • Internet2 and ESnet have been watching the latency across peering points for a while. • Internet2 and DREN have been preparing to do some throughput and latency testing • During the course of this set up, found interesting routing and MTU size issues

  29. Network Diagnosis: End Hosts • NDT, NPAD servers • Quick check from a host that has a browser • Easily eliminate (or confirm) last mile problems (buffer sizing, duplex mismatch, …) • NPAD can find switch limitations, provided the server is close enough

  30. Network Diagnosis: Generic • Generally looking for configuration & loss • Don’t forget security appliances • Is there connectivity & reasonable latency? (ping -> OWAMP) • Is routing reasonable (traceroute, proxy) • Is host reasonable (NDT; NPAD) • Is path reasonable (BWCTL)

  31. Network Characterization • Flow data collected with flow-tools package • All data not used for security alerts and analysis [REN-ISAC] is anonymized • Reports from anonymized data available (see truncated addresses) • Additionally, some Engineering reports

  32. Network Research Projects • Major consumption • Flows • Routes • Configuration • Nick Feamster (while at MIT) • Dave Maltz (while at CMU) • Papers in SIGCOMM, INFOCOM • Hard to track folks that just pull data off of web sites

  33. Network Research Facilities Grant • Thanks to NSF funds, access to network researchers for 1.5 yrs • Interviews • Presentations at Network Research conferences and workshops This material is based in part on work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. SCI-0441149. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.

  34. Grant Result Snippets • Liked Abilene observatory. Keep passive! • Biggest thing – more data • But -- network research project driven • Security-related: want payload • Want some way to get more information from flow data • Alternate anonymization techniques • Community consensus on passive measurement

  35. Grant Results Snippets • Want pool of researcher-developed access tools (sharing among researchers) • Want ability to request new data sets • Both new sources, and derived data • Extend to cover new facilities (they were thinking HOPI and L2VPNs, but…)

  36. Lots of Work to be Done • Internet2 Observatory realization inside racks set for initial deployment, including new research projects (NetFPGA, Phoebus) • Software and links easily changed • Could add or change hardware depending on costs • Researcher tools, new datasets • Consensus on passive data

  37. Not Just Research • Operations and Characterization of new services • Finding problems with stitched together VLANs • Collecting and exporting data from Dynamic Circuit Service... • Ciena performance counters • Control plane setup information • Circuit usage (not utilization, although that is also nice) • Similar for underlying Infinera equipment • And consider inter-domain issues

  38. Observatory Requirements Strawman • Small group: Dan Magorian, Joe Metzger and Internet2 • See document off of http://measurement.internet2.edu/ • Want to start working group under new Network Technical Advisory Committee • Interested? Talk to Matt or watch NTAC Wiki on wiki.internet2.edu; measurement page will also have some information…

  39. Strawman: Potential New Focus Areas • Technology Issues • Is it working? How well? How debug problems? • Economy Issues – interdomain circuits • How are they used? Are they used effectively? Monitor violation of any rules (e.g. for short-term circuits) • Compare with “vanilla” IP services?

  40. Strawman: Potential High-Level Goals • Extend research datasets to new equipment • Circuit “weathermap”; optical proxy • Auditing Circuits • Who requested (at suitable granularity) • What for? (ex: bulk data, streaming media, experiment control) • Why? (add’l bw, required characteristics, application isolation, security)

  41. Inter-Domain Issues Important • New services (various circuits) • New control plane • That must work across domains • Will require some agreement among various providers • Want to allow for diversity…

  42. Sharing Observatory Data We want to make Internet2 Network Observatory Data: • Available: • Access to existing active and passive measurement data • Ability to run new active measurement tests • Interoperable: • Common schema and semantics, shared across other networks • Single format • XML-based discovery of what’s available

  43. What is perfSONAR? • Performance Middleware • perfSONAR is an international consortium in which Internet2 is a founder and leading participant • perfSONAR is a set of protocol standards for interoperability between measurement and monitoring systems • perfSONAR is a set of open source web services that can be mixed-and-matched and extended to create a performance monitoring framework

  44. perfSONAR Design Goals • Standards-based • Modular • Decentralized • Locally controlled • Open Source • Extensible • Applicable to multiple generations of network monitoring systems • Grows “beyond our control” • Customized for individual science disciplines

  45. perfSONAR Integrates • Network measurement tools • Network measurement archives • Discovery • Authentication and authorization • Data manipulation • Resource protection • Topology

  46. perfSONAR is a joint effort: ESnet GÉANT2 JRA1 Internet2 RNP ESnet includes: ESnet/LBL staff Fermilab Internet2 includes: University of Delaware Georgia Tech SLAC Internet2 staff GÉANT2 JRA1 includes: Arnes Belnet Carnet Cesnet CYNet DANTE DFN FCCN GRNet GARR ISTF PSNC Nordunet (Uninett) Renater RedIRIS Surfnet SWITCH perfSONAR Credits

  47. R&E Networks Internet2 ESnet GÉANT2 European NRENs RNP Application Communities LHC GLORIAD Distributed Virtual NOC Roll-out to other application communities in 2007 Distributed Development Individual projects (10 before first release) write components that integrate into the overall framework Individual communities (5 before first release) write their own analysis and visualization software perfSONAR Adoption

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