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Joining the War

Joining the War. Section 12.3. Ike speaks to soldiers in Britain prior to D-Day. June 6, 1944. Capture: Americans in landing craft, June 6, 1944. What events led these Americans to end up in Normandy, France?. Capture: Americans pull up to beach at Normandy. Describe December 7, 1941.

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Joining the War

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  1. Joining the War Section 12.3 Ike speaks to soldiers in Britain prior to D-Day

  2. June 6, 1944 Capture: Americans in landing craft, June 6, 1944

  3. What events led these Americans to end up in Normandy, France? Capture: Americans pull up to beach at Normandy

  4. Describe December 7, 1941. • “A date which will live in infamy.” • Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (naval base) • Destroyed 19 battleships, 188 planes • Killed 2, 400 Americans • United Americans in call for war • “Remember Pearl Harbor” Above: Pearl Harbor burning; Below: FDR asks Congress for declaration of war on Japan

  5. Mobilizing America Capture: Times Square Times Square: Summer of 1941

  6. Allies United States Great Britain Soviet Union And many others Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan Who were the Allies/the Axis Powers? Left to Right: Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill “The Big Three

  7. What was the Allied strategy for fighting WWII? • Defeating Germany is most important • Unconditional surrender of Axis powers • “Closing the Ring” • Plan to encircle Nazi Germany on all sides • Defensive war in Pacific World map showing areas of German and Japanese control

  8. Barbarossa Barbarossa: Hitler’s invasion of Soviet Union

  9. Describe the invasion of the Soviet Union. • Began June 22, 1941 (Summer) • Blitzkrieg tactics and surprise • Surrounded Leningrad for 900 days • 300 thousand Germans attacked Stalingrad • Access to oil • Russians stopped advance • Marks to turning point of the war • Stalin bitter about lack of Allied support Above: German tanks Below: Hitler heads in three directions

  10. Siege of Stalingrad Capture: Siege of Stalingrad

  11. Axis Powers by September of 1942Map shows the peak of Axis Power

  12. Hitler’s Plan: Operation Barbarossa Capture the wheat fields of Ukraine, then advance east across North Africa and South from Russia to capture the oil fields of the Middle East. Wheat Fields Oil Fields

  13. Stopping Hitler’s Advance • The Allies Finally Stopped Hitler’s Advance at Three Key Areas: • Battle of Britain • El Alamein in Egypt • Stalingrad in Russia See Map on Next Slide

  14. In spite of these losses, Hitler was firmly entrenched in Western Europe. (Map shows Allied counter-offensive) Russian Advance After Stalingrad Allied Invasion of Italy Summer ‘43 Allied Invasion of N. Africa 11/42

  15. To complete the encirclement of Hitler -‘Closing the Ring’- the Allies needed to land somewhere in France. (Map shows location of Normandy Invasion) Normandy 6/’44 D Day

  16. Normandy Beach, France June 6, 1944 Old Glory finally planted on Omaha Beach

  17. Event Operation Barbarossa Treaty of Versailles Hitler named Chancellor Munich Pact D-Day Invasion of Poland Pearl Harbor Year Place the following events in order from 1st to last. Now put the year they occurred.

  18. What was Operation Overlord? • Allied invasion of Europe • Began with D-Day • Deliverance Day/ Disembarkment Day) June 6, 1944 • Bad weather delayed invasion by one day • Was it successful? • 10 thousand casualties in two weeks • Allies built man-made harbor • Allowed hundreds of thousands of soldiers and equipment to gain foothold in western Europe View from Higgins boat

  19. D-Day Military funeral of D-Day dead

  20. What was the Battle of the Bulge? • Hitler’s last major offensive • Caught Allies off guard • Goal was to capture Antwerp • Germans surrounded town of Bastogne asked for surrender • “Nuts” was the reply • Weather broke in January and supplies replenished Top: Map of the Ardennes; Bottom: corpses at Bastogne

  21. Bastogne Video capture: Americans at Bastogne

  22. The Progress of the War Axis Nations Communist Nations World map showing the relative size and location of Axis and Allied nations Allied Nations Neutral Nations

  23. The Camps Capture from ‘Band of Brothers’: Liberating the Camps

  24. What was the Holocaust? • Genocide or systematic murder of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs, and others the Nazis considered undesirable • Final Solution • Nazi decision to attempt to exterminate the Jewish race from Europe • 6 million Jews murdered (66% of the population in Europe) Entrance to the death camp at Auschwitz II

  25. Describe the process of the Final Solution. • Occurred gradually over time • Nuremberg Lawsof 1935 • German laws used to identify and discriminate against Jews in Germany • Could not attend schools, hold public office, sit on park benches • Must wear yellow star • Ghettos (1939) • Jews were forced to reside in overcrowded, unsanitary areas of conquered cities Above and below: Nazis persecuting Jews

  26. The “Liquidation of the Ghetto” Video capture: German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto

  27. “Wall of Death” for Polish political prisoners, before Auschwitz was turned into a death camp. Under the building on the right, Nazis first used poison gas to kill.

  28. Describe the process of the Final Solution • Wannsee conference • Meeting in Berlin in 1942 • decision to systematically kill the Jews of Europe • Einsatzgruppen (1940) • Killing squads • Rounded up Jews from conquered areas and executed them • Concentration Camps • 1st for “political reeducation” • slave labor, medical experiments, starvation, murder by gas chamber Above: Auschwitz from the air

  29. Mr. Morris by tracks at Birkenau station near Auschwitz

  30. Crematoria with tourists and memorial candle

  31. Clockwise from left, Gas Chamber, Zyklon B pellets, famous entrance with “Arbeit Macht Frei” arch, random line of doomed people

  32. Dear Fellow Party Member [Parteigenosse] Luther! Enclosed I am sending you the minutes of the proceedings that took place on January 20,1942. Since the basic position regarding the practical execution of the final solution of the Jewish question has fortunately been established by now, and since there is a full agreement on the part of all agencies involved. I would like to ask you at the request of the Reich Marshal to make one of your specialist officials available for the necessary discussion of details in connection with the completion of the draft that shows the organizational, technical and material prerequisites bearing on the actual starting point of the projected solutions. I want to schedule the first discussion along these lines for 10:30 a.m. on March 6, 1942 at 116 Kurfürstenstrasse, Berlin. I therefore ask you that for this purpose your specialist official contact my functionary in charge there, SS-Obersturmbannführer Eichmann. Reinhard Heydrich

  33. What was V-E Day? • “Victory in Europe” • May 8, 1945 • Germany surrendered unconditionally to the Allies • FDR had died April 12 • Hitler had committed suicide April 30 • US still at war with Japan Above and below: newspapers proclaim Victory in Europe

  34. VE Day Capture: V-E Day

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