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Business Development (Service)

DTH Basics. Business Development (Service). T O C (Table of Content ). What is DTH How DTH works Type of DTH Connections Advantages of DTH Components of DTH Sun Direct Parameters Elevation & Azimuth Skew BER – Bit Error Rate MER – Modulation Error Ratio

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Business Development (Service)

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  1. DTH Basics Business Development (Service)

  2. T O C (Table of Content) • What is DTH • How DTH works • Type of DTH Connections • Advantages of DTH • Components of DTH • Sun Direct Parameters • Elevation & Azimuth • Skew • BER – Bit Error Rate • MER – Modulation Error Ratio • Rain Fade • Solar Fade • Health & Safety

  3. DTH stands for Direct To Home • DTH is the direct mode of transmission between ‘Broadcaster’ and ‘Subscriber’ • through satellite. Satellite Broadcaster Subscriber

  4. Advantages of DTH • High quality Picture & Sound • Un-interrupted Viewing • Reaches Remote Areas • Pay only for your choice Channels • Interactive Features (like, Video on Demand)

  5. Foot Prints The Geographic area covered by satellite is called as its Footprint Contour of the footprint matches that of the geographical boundaries of the area intended to be covered.

  6. How does DTH work ?

  7. Type of DTH Connections SDU – Single Dwelling Unit MDU – Multi Dwelling Unit • More than 4 STB can be connected from • Single Dish • Used to provide DTH Solution for High • Rise / Multi Story Building. • Maximum 4 STBs can be connected from • Single Dish 0 0 0 0 0 Multi Switch Multi Switch Multi Switch Multi Switch Multi Switch

  8. Components of DTH • Function : - • Reflector receive the Signal & focus to the LNBF. • Installation Precautions : - • There should not be any scratch on the reflector surface • Reflector / LNBF Arm should not deform or bend. Reflector • Function : - • Down converts RF signals to IF signals ( From High Frequency • to Low Frequency ). • Types : - • Universal / Single - Used for SDU Connection ( Single STB ) • Dual - Used for SDU Connection ( Maximum Two STB ) • Quad - Used for SDU Connection ( Maximum Four STB ) • Quattro - Used for MDU Connection ( More than Four STB ) • Installation Precautions : - • LNBF should be installed at Focal Point of Reflector • Proper Skew Alignment should be done as per Look angle Chart. LNBF

  9. Components of DTH • Function : - • Connector connects cable with Equipment. • Type : - • RG - 6 (F type Compression) • RG - 11 (F type Compression) • Installation Precautions : - • Take extreme care while Connectorisation to avoid repeated complaints Connector • Function : - • Carries Signals from one end to other end. • Types : - • RG - 6 (Coaxial Cable- 3Ghz) • RG – 11 (Coaxial Cable- 3Ghz) • Installation Precautions : - • Take extreme care during Cabling to avoid cable damage. • Take extreme care while taking out cable from cable drum

  10. Components of DTH • Function : - • STB decodes the signals • Provides supply to LNBF • Converts Digital signals into Analog signals • Installation Precautions : - • TV & STB should be switched OFF while connecting cables Set Top Box • Function : - • Smartcard works as an access card for channel viewing . • Installation Precautions : - • Insert Smart card with care. Smart Card

  11. SUN DTH Parameters Our Satellite : INSAT 4B (93.50 E) Satellite Position : 93.50 East

  12. Elevation & Azimuth Azimuth Elevation The horizontal movement of Reflector to track the satellite is called Azimuth Adjustment. The vertical movement of Reflector to track the satellite is called Elevation Adjustment.

  13. Skew • LNBF contains two antenna (Vertical & Horizontal) • with 90 degree phase shift . • Skew is the amount of rotation of LNBF to match • LNBF antenna with polarized signal direction. • To get maximum signal we have to match • Antenna angle with received signal angle. Horizontal Antenna Vertical Antenna Horizontally Polarized Signal LNBF If SKEW is not done properly, few channels may not be seen.

  14. Skew Marking on LNBF & LNBF top clamp are for Skew adjustment . 5 Degree 9 divisions 9 divisions Look Angle Chart For example: - If Polarization is -23 degree for a city, so set at 4.6(approx) division of the LNBF (Left side division) with the centre point of the LNBF Clamp.

  15. BER – Bit Error Rate BER is the ratio between total bits transmitted and the number of bit not interpreted by the de-modulator. INSAT 4B Satellite No of Bit not interpreted by Demodulator (e.g. 3 bit error) Total bits transmitted (e.g. 10000 bit ) Customer House For Example 3E-4 = 3x10-4 = 3/104 = 3/10000 = 3 bit error in 10,000 bit 2E-4 means 2/10000 = 2 bit error in 10,000 bit 6E-5 means 6/100000 = 6 bit error in 1,00,000 bit A good quality of Signal has BER of 1E-4 or 1E-5.

  16. Rain Fade During Raining or snow fall, Rain, Snow or Rain filled clouds can reduce intensity of Ku band signals coming from satellite to the subscriber. Under Clear Sky condition During Rain fall For example MER = 13 dB For example MER = 7 dB Picture freezing / No Picture • How to Counter-act • Tracking should be done up to peak level.

  17. Solar Fade Exact time depends upon the position of the Satellite. What happens The sun passes through this plane. As seen from the ground, the sun seems to pass behind the satellites once a day. During the time when both the satellite and the sun are in the ground station's field of view, the energy from the sun can overpower the signal from the satellite, as shown in the below diagram

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