Final Exam Review

1. Final Exam Review

2. Prehistoric/Native Texas • How did the Ancient Texans cross into the northern hemisphere? • Bering Strait • What is the Columbian Exchange? • The exchange of animals, plants, culture, DISEASES, and ideas as a result of Columbus’ voyage. • Explain the term cultural diffusion. • Borrowing and integrating ideas specific to one group of people into the culture of another. • Example: Americans eating Chinese food, Spaniards spreading the Catholic faith to Native Americans

3. Exploration • Columbus discovered America in the year 1492. • Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs at Tenochtitlan in the year 1519. He was the first to conquer land for Spain. • Reasons for European Exploration • Gold, Glory, God • What happened when Cabeza de Vaca shipwrecked at Galveston? • He met the natives who got sick from the European diseases. He became a shaman & explored Texas.

4. Spanish Colonization/Missions • The Spanish set up missions to convert the Natives to the Catholic faith. • What was the purpose of presidios? • To protect the missions. • When and where was San Antonio de Valero established? • 1718 in San Antonio

5. Anglo Colonization • Define empresario. • A land agent. List 3 significant empresarios: • Moses Austin, Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, Erasmo Seguin, Martin de Leon • Why was Texas so appealing to Americans? • Fertile farmland, abundant natural resources, plenty of land near oceans and rivers for easy access to water for irrigation and shipping of goods. • Explain the Colonization Laws of 1825. • Citizens had to become Catholic. • Limited the amount of land they could purchase.

6. Revolution • Why did William B. Travis write his famous letter from the Alamo? • He needed help (reinforcements & supplies) • How did the Goliad Massacre impact the Texas Revolution? • It made the Texans band together to fight harder. • Why is the Battle of San Jacinto significant? • It ended the Texas Revolution when we captured Santa Anna • What was the end result of the Texas Revolution? • Texas gained freedom from Mexico

7. Republic of Texas • Houston • Wanted to join the U.S. • Tried to keep peace with the Natives • Tried to cut spending to reduce debt • Lamar • Thought Texas would be an independent nation reaching to the Pacific. (Opposed annexation) • Ordered the removal of Natives • Increased the debt

8. Annexation • List 3 reasons why the U.S. was hesitant to annex Texas. • Texas was a slave state & they did not want to add another slave state. • Mexico did not recognize Texas independence. • They did not want to damage relations with Mexico. • What were the terms of the Treaty of Annexation in 1845? • Debts owed by the Republic of Texas would be paid. • Texas could be divided into more states, if the people approved it.

9. Mexican War • What is Manifest Destiny? • The belief that the U.S. would reach from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. • How did the Mexican War contribute to fulfilling Manifest Destiny? • The U.S. gained the Mexican Cession (the southwestern part of the U.S.) • Did the Mexican War cause the population in California to rapidly increase or decrease after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? • Increase

10. U.S. History Review • Benjamin Franklin • D) This patriot worked to help America receive economic and political aid from France during the American Revolution. • Thomas Jefferson • G) This President supported the Louisiana Purchase because it allowed the U.S. to gain control of the Mississippi River. • Unalienable Rights • C) The rights of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence.

11. U.S. History Review • Consent of the People • E) The American colonists used the slogan, “No taxation without representation,” to express their belief in the need for this. • Samuel Adams • F) This patriot believed that taxation without representation was tyranny. • Abolitionist • A) A person who was against slavery and feared the admission of new slave states into the U.S.

12. U.S. History Review • New Orleans • B) In 1803, Americans wanted to control this port city so that farmers could ship goods down the Mississippi River. • Thomas Paine • H) This author wrote Common Sense which encouraged Americans to take a stand against the treatment from King George III. • Mayflower Compact • Represents early governments in Colonial America (Agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims at Plymouth)

13. U.S. History Review • The main goal of Manifest Destiny was to expand the U.S. to which ocean? • Pacific • What did the Louisiana Purchase, Texas Annexation, and the Mexican-American War have in common? • They all increased the territory of the U.S. • What area of land was acquired as a result of Mexican-American War? • Mexican Cession (southwestern part of U.S.) • Why did Americans want control of New Orleans? • So farmers could ship goods up the Mississippi • Why did Thomas Jefferson support the Louisiana Purchase? • It doubled the size of the U.S. and gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River.