Joints & Describing Movement

1. Introduction to Anatomy -3 Joints & Describing Movement

2. THE ARTICULAR SYSTEM • An articulation is also known as a joint • There are 3 types of joints • Fibrous – also known as “immovable”, examples: cranium, pelvis • Cartilaginous - also known as “slightly movable”, example: symphisus pubis • Synovial - also known as “freely movable”, example: elbow, knee

3. JOINT CLASSIFICATION In PE, we mainly talk about Synovial Joints. Synovialjoints are classified into different categories according to their shape or degree of movement:

4. JOINT CLASSIFICATION

5. JOINT CLASSIFICATION • Hinge • Hinge joints allow movement in one plane only. • Examples: elbows, knees, and fingers.

7. HINGE JOINTS

8. Ball and Socket • Ball-and-socket joints allow free movement in all directions. • Examples: hip and shoulder

9. Movement at Joints Movement is described by looking at the way joints are positioned when a movement occurs. The main joints involved are: Upper Body Shoulder Elbow Wrist Lower Body Hip Knee Ankle When the muscles pull the bones that surround these joints, movement occurs. Movement around a joint can be separated into the following catergories:

10. Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Shoulder Flexion

11. Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Elbow Flexion

12. Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Wrist Flexion

13. Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Trunk Flexion

14. Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Hip Flexion

15. Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Knee Flexion

16. Flexion Decreasing the angle between two bones across a joint. Dorsiflexion

17. Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Shoulder Extension

18. Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Elbow Extension

19. Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Wrist Extension

20. Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Trunk Extension

21. Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Hip Extension

22. Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Knee Extension

23. Extension Increasing the angle between two bones across a joint Plantarflexion

24. Rotation Movement of the bone around a central axis

25. Abduction Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

26. Adduction Moving a limb towards the midline of the body

27. Circumduction A combination of movements so that a limb completes a circular movement. The limb creates a ‘cone’ shape.Occurs at hip and shoulder.

28. Extension Task Now that you have learned the movement classifications, you need to identify where each of them could occur within a sporting context. For example, knee extension would be used in kicking a ball. Complete this for all 18 types.