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Rural-Urban Migration

Rural-Urban Migration. Sara Hsu. Migration in Theory. Heckscher -Ohlin Theorem Factor Price Equalization Theorem Lewis-Ranis- Fei Model Harris- Todaro Model. China’s Migration-Reform History. Hukou originated in fifties and persists today, restricting migration

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Rural-Urban Migration

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  1. Rural-Urban Migration Sara Hsu

  2. Migration in Theory Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem Factor Price Equalization Theorem Lewis-Ranis-Fei Model Harris-Todaro Model

  3. China’s Migration-Reform History Hukou originated in fifties and persists today, restricting migration Migration began in nineties and continues through today Push from rural areas; pull from urban areas

  4. China’s Pattern of Migration Large scale rural to urban migration Younger, male, with low education Difficult lives Low levels of happiness

  5. India’s Migration-Reform History Began even before reform started Migration is far lower in India than China Seasonal work is available in both agriculture and manufacturing. Most seasonal migrants work in cultivation, brick kilns, construction sites, fish processing, and quarries, while others work in urban informal manufacturing or services sectors

  6. India’s Pattern of Migration Migration occurs for push and pull factors Those in upper castes with higher education migrate Migration of disadvantaged groups to informal sector

  7. India’s Urban Growth

  8. Japan’s Migration-Reform History Large amounts of rural to urban migration occurred after 1930 Changing nature of manufacturing activity Agricultural population declined after 1930

  9. Japan’s Pattern of Migration Migration with the family

  10. Megacities Urban areas in China, Japan and India are becoming megacities in some areas-cities with populations over 10 million Tokyo, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Delhi, Mumbai, Osaka, Beijing, & Kolkata Rural to urban migration Adverse environmental impact Often poor living conditions

  11. Rural Migrants and Living Conditions Poorer living conditions in both China and India, lower social status In India, workers are often able to return home sooner due to circular migration In China, workers lack access to urban benefits

  12. Bottom Line Different characteristics of migration in China, Japan and India Migration mainly for economic reasons-push and pull factors Leads to growth of megacities

  13. Did You Know? Roughly one out of every 25 people in the world today is a resident of a Chinese city who arrived, or was born, since the current round of economic reforms began in 1978. There were 310,000 people living in the rural Shenzhen prefecture, before it grew to a city of over 10 million and became part of the 65 million-strong urban mega-region that stretches from Guangdong to Hong Kong.  China's urbanization is mostly the result of millions of, often young, rural inhabitants leaving their farms and families behind and moving to the cities for better economic opportunities.

  14. Fin Questions?

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