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Undergraduate School of Criminal Justice. Unit 3 Seminar. Professor Chris Lim, MACJ, Ph.D.(ABD). Email: SLim@kaplan.edu. Seminar Rules. Refrain from “SIDEBARS” and “INAPPRIATE” comments. No personal discussion No obscenities; No personal attacks.
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Undergraduate School of Criminal Justice Unit 3 Seminar Professor Chris Lim, MACJ, Ph.D.(ABD) Email: SLim@kaplan.edu
Seminar Rules • Refrain from “SIDEBARS” and “INAPPRIATE” comments. • No personal discussion • No obscenities; • No personal attacks. • Acceptable! - Jokes are lovely, friendly teasing is fine.
Seminars • Our seminars have live audio-you will be able to hear me! Students will use the message area to type in questions and comments. • Seminar schedule • 10 minutes for Q&A • 40 minutes of topics • 10 minutes for more Q&A and wrap up • We use the entire hour! *Schedule can be changed at anytime at instructor’s discretions
Outline: The Processes and Problems • Construct the Research Question(s) • Determine the Research Strategy • Assure that the Research is Ethical
Unit 2 –Concepts & Variables One of the challenges of research is being able to identify appropriate variables for the concepts you want to study. • What is concept? • What is variable?
The Language of Research • Concept - a mental image that summarizes a set of similar observations, feelings, or ideas • Conceptualization - the process of specifying what we mean by a term • Deductive research - translates portions of an abstract theory into specific variables that can be used in testable hypotheses • Inductive research - important part of the process used to make sense of related observations
The Language of Research • What is a Variable • Characteristic or concept that is measured • Is not the same for everyone in the study • What is an Independent (IV) Variable? • Cause • What is a Dependent (DV) Variable? • Effect
Hypotheses • To use deductive reasoning, first state a hypothesis that is derived from propositions presented in a theory • Statement about empirical reality, involving a relationship between two or more variables (called “independent” and “dependent” variables) • It can also be understood as a statement about what you expect your data to show, based on the theory you are testing • We use variables in formulating hypotheses and research questions (We also use variables to measure other important concepts in research.) • A hypothesis • implies that a change in one variable is related to a change in the other variable • is a declarative statement – a complete sentence • not only proposes that two variables are related, but also proposes the direction of the relationship
Independent and Dependent Variables • Independent variable (IV) • A variable that is hypothesized to cause, or lead to, variation in another variable. • Dependent variable (DV) • A variable that is hypothesized to vary depending on or under the influence of another variable • A phenomenon you want to explain • May also think of IVs and DVs in terms of ….. • Cause (IV) and Effect (DV) • If-then statements: If the IV increases/decreases/changes then the DV increases/decreases/changes. • Grammar: Subject (IV), verb (“causes” or “predicts”), Object (DV) • Most concepts can be either IV or DV, depending on the specific study and population
Ways to Understand a Hypothesis • Cause (IV) and effect (DV) • Ethnicity(IV/cause)influences one’s Attitude toward the Death Penalty (DV/effect). • If-then: • If Age(IV) increases, then Attitude toward the Death Penalty (DV) changes. • Grammar: subject (IV), verb, object (DV) • Ethnicity(IV/ subject) influences (verb) ones Attitude toward the Death Penalty (DV/object).
Unlocking the Keys to Success! • Please remember to contact me if you have questions or if you need help with anything. • Each class you successfully complete unlocks another piece of your future! Have a great term and I look forward to working with all of you!
Thank you for your participation!Don’t forget to do your assignments and submit them promptly.See you next week and have a great week!