US History Week6-7

1. US History Week6-7 European Exploration of North America

2. Open Note Quiz Use your textbook p.35-39 • For each explorer, write one or two sentences describing either where they explored or what their major accomplishment was: • Henry Hudson • John Cabot • Jacques Cartier • Samuel de Champlain

3. What did the Spanish explorers find in Central/Southern Americas?

4. Northwest passage • Water route through or around North America

5. Northwest passage

6. Henry Hudson • English, but sailed for the Dutch (Netherlands) • Arrived in present-day New York • Crew rebelled and sent Hudson away in a small boat 

7. John Cabot • Italian explorer who sailed for England • Landed in Newfoundland, Canada • Basis for future English colonies

9. Jacques Cartier • French explorer • Traveled up St. Lawrence River to Montreal • Rapids in the water blocked his way

10. Spain vs. England • What was the previous agreement between Spain and Portugal?

11. Spain vs. England • French and English claims of North America angered Spain • Treaty of Tordesillas • Religious conflicts in Europe • Elizabeth I, protestant Queen of England • English raids on Spanish areas

12. Spain vs. England • Queen Elizabeth wanted to defeat Spain’s ships at sea • 1588 Spanish King Phillip II sent Spanish Armada to conquer England • 130 sailing ships • Conquer England and restore Catholicism

13. What happened with Spanish Armada?

14. New France • Samuel de Champlain founded trading post in Quebec • First permanent French settlement in Canada • New France • Fur traders and Catholic priests • French had better relationship with the Native Americas

16. New Netherlands • Along the Hudson River, present-day New York • Founded town New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island

17. Look on the map p.38

18. Assignment • You will be in assigned groups in charge of researched and answering questions about the next section. • Your group will answer the questions and prepared a quick PowerPoint presentation for tomorrow, stating and answering the questions • Use pictures and sound knowledgeable. • Graded on accuracy and quality of PowerPoint and how your group rates your effort.

19. Organization of the Empire 9A: Carlos, Marina, Ty, Andrea 9B: Kiel, JP, Maria, Hector Productivity of Empire 9A: Maguire, Lorenzo, Sofy, Gaby 9B: Vanesa, Jero, Memo, Paulina Church in Spanish Colonies 9A: Astrid, Paola, Esteban, Carson 9B: Seth, Gabrielle, Inaki, Kristen Bartoleme de lasCasas 9A: Andres , Tamara, Fernanda, Dany, Sebas 9B: Susana, Andres1, Plummer, Melissa Columbian Exchange 9A: MaJo, Miguel, Robbie, Patrick, Magda 9B: Marcos, Andres2, Shelley, Camille

20. Organization - What were the two provinces called of the Spanish Empire? - What is a viceroyalty and what is a viceroy? - Why are 2 reasons that building roads benefited the Spanish Empire? - Explain the class structure in the Spanish Empire (Spanish-born, Creole, etc.)

21. Productivity • What was the ecomienda system? • What were haciendas? • What people group worked for the Spanish? How were they treated? • What was the most important crop? • What island was useful in the growth of this crop, and why?

22. The Church • What was the Spanish’s original plan for the Native Americans? • What were missions? • How did the missions actually benefit Native Americans? • Why did Native Americans eventually grow unhappy with the missions?

23. Bartolome de lasCasas • How was Las Casas different than other Catholic priests? • How did he treat Native Americans? • What was his nickname and why? • What were the New Laws?

24. The Columbian Exchange • What was the Columbian Exchange? • What were the negative aspects of the Columbian Exchange? • Give specific examples • What were the positive aspects of the Columbian Exchange? • How did this exchange also benefit Europe?

25. Beginning of Slavery in America • Slavery = practice of one person being owned by another • Sugar Plantations • First used Native American tribes • Later brought in slaves from Africa

26. Why Africans? • Immune to most European diseases • No friends/family in America to help • Permanent source of cheap labor (could force future generations to be slaves) • Many had worked on farms in Africa

27. Who was capturing and selling these people in Africa? • Other Africans, local kings • Kings on the coast captured inland Africans • Traded people for European goods

28. Middle Passage • The voyage from Africa to America • Middle of triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, Americas

30. Slave Codes • Laws designed to regulate treatment of slaves • Some tried to make conditions lighter • Most designed to punish slaves and keep them prisoner • Racism = belief that people are inferior because of their race

31. Virginia Slave Laws (1660–1669) • Whereas some doubts have arisen whether children got by any Englishman upon a Negro woman should be slave or free, be it therefore enacted and declared by this present Grand Assembly, that all children born in this country shall be held bond or free only according to the condition of the mother

32. Virginia Slave Laws (1660–1669) • V. On The Killing of Slaves (October 1669) • Whereas the only law in force for the punishment of refractory servants resisting their master, mistress, or overseer cannot be inflicted upon Negroes, nor the obstinacy of many of them be suppressed by other than violent means, be it enacted and declared by this Grand Assembly if any slave resists his master (or other by his master"s order correcting him) and by the extremity of the correction should chance to die, that his death shall not be accounted a felony, but the master (or that other person appointed by the master to punish him) be acquitted from molestation, since it cannot be presumed that premeditated malice (which alone makes murder a felony) should induce any man to destroy his own estate.

33. Name Game p.53 • Separate piece of paper • Only answers • Due tomorrow