Unit 6 The Great War & The Cold War GPS 15 & 16

1. Unit 6The Great War & The Cold War GPS 15 & 16 Ms. Nancy Ware, Instructor Gainesville High School Name____________________period___________

2. SSUSH15 The student will analyze the origins and impact of U.S. involvement in World War I. a. Describe the movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in World War I, with reference to unrestricted submarine warfare. b. Explain the domestic impact of World War I, as reflected by the origins of the Great Migration, the Espionage Act, and socialist Eugene Debs. c. Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the proposed League of Nations. d. Describe passage of the Eighteenth Amendment, establishing Prohibition, and the Nineteenth Amendment, establishing woman suffrage.

3. USH15 Essential Questions What started WW1? What was the impact of U.S. involvement in World War I? How did the US go from neutrality to war engagement in World War I? What is unrestricted submarine warfare? What was the domestic impact of World War I on the US? (Great Migration, the Espionage Act, and socialist Eugene Debs) What was Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the proposed League of Nations? How did the Eighteenth Amendment, establishing Prohibition, and the Nineteenth Amendment, establishing woman suffrage get passed as an amendment to the Constitution ?

4. 15a. Origins of World War I ~ What started it?

5. 15a. Origins of World War I ~ What started it?

6. On June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria –Hungary. He was assassinated in Sarajevo by Bosnian Serb nationalist who believed Bosnia should belong to Serbia and not Austria Hungary. His assassination began a global military conflict which involved the majority of the world's great powers due to the complicated web of alliances. The two opposing military alliances were the Entente Powers and the Central Powers. Over 70 million military personnel were mobilized in the largest war in history to date. In a state of total war the major combatants placed all of their scientific and industrial capabilities at the service of the war effort. Over 15 million people were killed, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. • Why was Ferdinand assassinated? • Why did all of Europe get involved when it should have been between Austria Hungary and Bosnia? • How many people eventually died? World War I aka: The Great War

7. World War I aka: The Great War

8. Allied Powers Central Powers WWI: Who Was Involved http://homepages.wmich.edu/~hega/PSCI340/ps340map.html

9. The US Wants to Remain Neutral…Why? Isolationism War Weariness Cost Woodrow Wilson declares Neutrality

10. The US Wants to Remain Neutral…Why? Isolationism doctrine of isolating one's country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, foreign trade, international agreements, etc., War Weariness The US was tired of War (Spanish American War, War in the Philippines) Woodrow Wilson declares Neutrality The US wanted to devote all her resources to her OWN advancement by remaining at peace and avoiding foreign entanglements Cost War is EXPENSIVE (lives lost, resources lost) it drains an economy

11. Does the US Remain Neutral? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=keyGFPbyqi8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sH4-fYIfC-E&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

12. 15a. Describe the movement from US neutrality to engagement in WWI Graphic Organizer

13. 15a. Describe the movement from US neutrality to engagement in WWI Graphic Organizer

14. The Zimmerman Note The Zimmermann Notewas a 1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States. The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence. Revelation of the contents outraged American public opinion and helped generate support for the United States declaration of war on Germany. It read: FROM 2nd from London # 5747. "We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States of America is certain and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. Please call the President's attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England in a few months to make peace." Signed, ZIMMERMANN

15. More Accurate Handguns • Rifles • Machine Guns • Grenades • Flamethrowers • Poison Gas Which ones where the most deadly? What happens to the body when exposed to mustard gas? The skin of victims of mustard gas blistered, their eyes became very sore and they began to vomit. Mustard gas caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful and most soldiers had to be strapped to their beds. It usually took a person four or five weeks to die of mustard gas exposure. New Military Warfare. Match the word to the weapon.

16. What are trenches? • What did the trenches do to advancement on the enemy? • What were the trench conditions like? • http://www.worldwar1.com/arm009.htm 15a. New Military Warfare: Down in the Trenches

17. What are trenches? A form of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches (dugout areas from the Earth) • What did the trenches do to advancement on the enemy? Troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are sheltered from artillery, so it made it difficult to win a war because the land between the trenches were hard to win • What were the trench conditions like? Dirty, unsanitary, disease ridden, full of rats and dead bodies • http://www.worldwar1.com/arm009.htm 15a. New Military Warfare: Down in the Trenches

18. Selective Service Act: aka the DRAFT ~ young men inducted into the armed forces • 369th Infantry Regiment aka “Harlem Hellfighters”: 1st African American regiment to serve and see combat during WWI & WWII • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCq4DLb4upU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active • Civilian Support for the War: Rationing, Victory Gardens, Women Power! • Industrial Support for the War: switch from consumer goods to military goods 15b. The USA Goes to Work to Win the War

19. Fill in the definition of the following ways the USA prepared and mobilized during the war. Select one to illustrate. • Rationing: • The draft: • Victory Gardens: • Liberty Bonds: • Daylights Savings Time: • Taxed the wealthiest Americans: • Guns or Butter decision: • Hard Work: 15b. Domestic Impact of WWI,

20. Fill in the definition of the following ways the USA prepared and mobilized during the war. Select one to illustrate. • Rationing: gov’t limiting availability of consumer products • Victory Gardens: gardens grown at home to feed familiars so that other food could go to supply the troops • Liberty Bonds: loans to the gov’t to finance the war • Daylights Savings Time: setting clocks ahead to take advantage of daylight to conserve electricity • Taxed the wealthiest Americans: new taxes were passed to collect more money from those who had the ability to pay • Guns or Butter decision: industrial shift from consumer goods to military goods • Hard Work: Women step up to run the USA & assume traditional male roles 15b. Domestic Impact of WWI

21. People move where the ______are! • The _________ ____________ was the movement of 1.3 million African-Americans out of the Southern United States to the North, Midwest and West from 1916 to 1930. • Why? African Americans migrated to: • seek ___________________ opportunities in industrial cities • escape _________ • better ____________ for their children, • all of which were widely perceived as leading to a ____________life. 15b. The Great Migration

22. People move where the jobs are! • The Great Migration was the movement of 1.3 million African-Americans out of the Southern United States to the North, Midwest and West from 1916 to 1930. • Why? African Americans migrated to : • escape racism, • seek employment opportunities in industrial cities, and to get • better education for their children, • all of which were widely perceived as leading to a better life. 15b. The Great Migration

23. Best-known S___________ in the United States • founding members of the International L_______ Union and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) • Political views turned to socialism after he read the works of K______ M_______ • Grew to be one of the most influential Socialists, the reputation helping him to garner five nominations for ____________ of the US • Was _____________after being arrested and convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 during the First Red Scare for speaking out ____________ American involvement in World War I. • He was later ______________by Pres. Warren G. Harding, and died not long after being admitted to a _________________. 15b. Eugene V. Debs: Socialist, Anti-War

24. Best-known Socialist in the United States • founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) • Political views turned to socialism after he read the works of Karl Marx • Grew to be one of the most influential Socialists, the reputation helping him to garner five nominations for President of the US • Was jailed after being arrested and convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 during the First Red Scare for speaking against American involvement in World War I. • He was later pardoned by Pres. Warren G. Harding, and died not long after being admitted to a sanitarium 15b. Eugene V. Debs: Socialist, Anti-War

25. The Espionage and Sedition Acts were US federal laws passed shortly after entering WW I June 15, 1917, which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the US. It was also illegal to promote the success of the United States’ enemies. to convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the US. It was also illegal to cause or attempt to cause insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, refusal of duty, in the military or naval forces of the US, or to willfully obstruct the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States. It was punishable by a maximum USD $10,000 fine (almost $170,000 in today's dollars) and 20 years in prison. • After these laws were passed, what could you NOT do? • Who in the US might be sympathetic to Germany? • What amendment do these laws violate? • What other US President suspended civil rights in the interest of winning the war? 15b. Don’t Like the War? Shush Your Mouth!

26. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_WWI 15c. Battles of WWI & The End of the Great War

27. Exhausted from __________ warfare, and no side gaining a measurable advantage, the war came to an end when both sides just stopped ____________. • Russia had left the war to fight a ___________ in her home country, and Germany thought victory was near. At that point, the ___________entered the war, and the stalemate continued. • November 11, 1918 an ____________ was called, ending the fighting on both sides. The armistice was seen as a victory for the _______ ___________, and a defeat for ___________. 15c. The End of the Great War: a Cease Fire

28. Exhausted from trench warfare, and no side gaining a measurable advantage, the war came to an end when both sides just stopped fighting. • Russia had left the war to fight a revolution in her home country, and Germany thought victory was near. At that point, the US entered the war, and the stalemate continued. • November 11, 1918 an armistice was called, ending the fighting on both sides. The armistice was seen as a victory for the Triple Entente, and a defeat for Germany. 15c. The End of the Great War: a Cease Fire

29. 11th hour, 11th day, 11th month http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Et0rzScSMzw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

30. After the fighting ended, a peace conference convened in Paris to negotiate the treaty to end the war. Woodrow Wilson presented his proposal for peace called the Fourteen Points. It was very forgiving and did not punish Germany or seek any lands for the United States. It also proposed the League of Nations (precursor to today’s United Nations) whereby nations could join together to help restore and maintain world peace. The Treaty of Versailles, unlike Wilson’s 14 Points, placed total responsibility for the war on Germany and forced them to pay reparations (money) after the war ended to the Allies. This requirement was impossible given the devastation done in Germany and led to an economic depression. The terms of the Treaty of Versailles caused a deep resentment and bitterness in Germany which eventually led the world back into war 30 years later. The US Senate never ratified the Treaty of Versailles nor joined the League of Nations. This was a shock to the world and an embarrassment to Wilson. President Wilson campaigned mightily for his peace proposal across the United States but his efforts fell on deaf ears. • What city and place did warring nations meet to decide the terms of peace? • What was President Wilson’s peace proposal called? • Did the US Congress ever ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations? Why Not? • What did the European nations want from Germany? 15c. Explain Wilson’s fourteen points and the proposed League of Nations.

31. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind • Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war • The removal of all economic barriers and the establishment of equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance. • Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point • A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight • The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development • Belgium must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations • All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all. • A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality. • The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development. • Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea • The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees. • An independent Polish state should be erected which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant. • A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. 15c: Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points

32. 15c. Allied Opposition to Wilson’s 14 Points • British opposition: against freedom of the ______ • French opposition: demanded war r__________ ($) • Wilson was forced to compromise on many of his ideals to ensure that his most important point, the establishment of the __________ of ________, was accepted • In the end, the Treaty of ____________ went against many of the principles of the 14 Points, both in detail and in spirit • Established _________punishment of G___________, financially and territorially • Result: bitterness in Germany that laid the seeds for the rise of _______________in the 1930s • Result: Economic depression of the 1920s in Germany which the German people blamed on ________and the _________

33. 15c. Allied Opposition to Wilson’s 14 Points • British opposition: against freedom of the seas • French opposition: demanded war reparations • Wilson was forced to compromise on many of his ideals to ensure that his most important point, the establishment of the League of Nations, was accepted • In the end, the Treaty of Versailles went against many of the principles of the 14 Points, both in detail and in spirit • Established harsh punishment of Germany, financially and territorially • Result: bitterness in Germany that laid the seeds for the rise of Adolf Hitler & Nazismin the 1930s • Result: Economic depression of the 1920s in Germany which the German people blamed on the Jews and Allies

34. Europe Before the Treaty

35. Europe After the Treaty

36. Banned the m_______________, s____ and t_______________of alcohol from 1919 to 1933 • Repealed by the ______st amendment • Only amendment to the Constitution that has been r__________ • Led by the ______________ movement • Led to growth in o____________ crime 15d. Describe the passage of the 18th amendment establishing Prohibition, and the 19th amendment establishing women’s suffrage.

37. Banned the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcohol from 1919 to 1933 • Repealed by the 21stamendment • Only amendment to the Constitution that has been repealed • Led by the Temperance movement • Led to growth in organized crime 15d. Describe the passage of the 18th amendment establishing Prohibition, and the 19th amendment establishing women’s suffrage.

38. The Drunkard’s Progress

39. “S___________” (Al Capone), was an Italian-American ______________ who led a crime syndicate dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging of ___________ and other illegal activities during the Prohibition Era of the 1920s and 1930s. • Speakeasies: establishments that sold ______________ illegally • The name comes from a patron’s manner of ordering an alcoholic drink without raising ______________ — bartenders would tell patrons to be quiet and “__________ ________.” 15d. Results of Prohibition

40. "Scarface“ (Al Capone), was an Italian-American gangster who led a crime syndicate dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging of liquor and other illegal activities during the Prohibition Era of the 1920s and 1930s. • Speakeasies: establishments that sold alcoholillegally • The name comes from a patron’s manner of ordering an alcoholic drink without raising suspicion — bartenders would tell patrons to be quiet and “speak easy.” 15d. Results of Prohibition

41. Stock car racing in the US has its origins in _______________during Prohibition, when drivers ran bootleg whiskey made in A______________ M___________ of the United States. • Bootleggers needed to distribute their illegal _________, and they typically used small, _____vehicles to better _________the police. • The repeal of Prohibition in ______ dried up some of their business, but by then Southerners had developed a taste for ____________, and a number of the drivers continued "runnin' shine," this time evading the "revenuers" (gov’t) who were attempting to ______their operations. 15d. Results of Prohibition

42. Stock car racing in the US has its origins in bootlegging during Prohibition, when drivers ran bootleg whiskey made in Appalachian Mountains of the US. • Bootleggers needed to distribute their illegal products, and they typically used small, fast vehicles to better evade the police. • The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 dried up some of their business, but by then Southerners had developed a taste for moonshine, and a number of the drivers continued "runnin' shine," this time evading the "revenuers" who were attempting to tax their operations. 15d. Results of Prohibition http://www.dawsonvillemoonshinedistillery.com/

43. Another result of the 1920s: • ______th Amendment (XIX) to the United States Constitution prohibits each of the states and the federal government from ________ any citizen the right to ______ because of that citizen's gender • _________can now VOTE! • http://www.funtrivia.com/trivia-quiz/People/Woman-Suffragists-in-the-US-256738.html 15d. 19th Amendment – Go Vote Young Lady!

44. Another result of the 1920s: • 19th Amendment (XIX) to the United States Constitution prohibits each of the states and the federal government from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's gender • Women can now VOTE! • http://www.funtrivia.com/trivia-quiz/People/Woman-Suffragists-in-the-US-256738.html 15d. 19th Amendment – Go Vote Young Lady!